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We design probes trained on the internal representations of a transformer language model to predict its hallucinatory behavior on three grounded generation tasks. To train the probes, we annotate for span-level hallucination on both sampled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Sky CH-Wang , Benjamin Van Durme , Jason Eisner , Chris Kedzie

We propose a new approach to sequential testing which is an adaptive (on-line) extension of the (off-line) framework developed in [10]. It relies upon testing of pairs of hypotheses in the case where each hypothesis states that the vector…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-27 Anatoli Juditsky , Arkadi Nemirovski

Recommender systems play a fundamental role in web applications in filtering massive information and matching user interests. While many efforts have been devoted to developing more effective models in various scenarios, the exploration on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Ninghao Liu , Yong Ge , Li Li , Xia Hu , Rui Chen , Soo-Hyun Choi

Automated theorem proving is fundamental to formal methods, and the recent trend is to integrate large language models (LLMs) and proof assistants to form effective proof agents. While existing proof agents show promising performance, they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yican Sun , Chengwei Shi , Hangzhou Lyu , Yingfei Xiong

The demand for synthetic data in mathematical reasoning has increased due to its potential to enhance the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, ensuring the validity of intermediate reasoning steps remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Joshua Ong Jun Leang , Giwon Hong , Wenda Li , Shay B. Cohen

E prover is a state-of-the-art theorem prover for first-order logic with equality. E prover is built around a saturation loop, where new clauses are derived by inference rules from previously derived clauses. Selection of clauses for the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-06-14 Jan Jakubův , Josef Urban

Recommender systems use algorithms to provide users with product or service recommendations. Recently, these systems have been using machine learning algorithms from the field of artificial intelligence. However, choosing a suitable machine…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-02-25 Ivens Portugal , Paulo Alencar , Donald Cowan

We describe a method for predicting a classification of an object given classifications of the objects in the training set, assuming that the pairs object/classification are generated by an i.i.d. process from a continuous probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Alex Gammerman , Volodya Vovk , Vladimir Vapnik

The study of propositional logic -- fundamental to the theory of computing -- is a cornerstone of the undergraduate computer science curriculum. Learning to solve logical proofs requires repeated guided practice, but undergraduate students…

Decoder-only transformers compute the conditional probability of the next token from a sequence of past observations. This paper derives, from first principles, inference architectures that solve the same prediction problem - and in doing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Aditya Kudre , Heng-Sheng Chang , Prashant G. Mehta

Representation determines how we can reason about a specific problem. Sometimes one representation helps us find a proof more easily than others. Most current automated reasoning tools focus on reasoning within one representation. There is,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Daniel Raggi , Alan Bundy , Gudmund Grov , Alison Pease

In this work we describe a new learning-based proof guidance -- ENIGMAWatch -- for saturation-style first-order theorem provers. ENIGMAWatch combines two guiding approaches for the given-clause selection implemented for the E ATP system:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Zarathustra Goertzel , Jan Jakubův , Josef Urban

Formal reasoning and automated theorem proving constitute a challenging subfield of machine learning, in which machines are tasked with proving mathematical theorems using formal languages like Lean. A formal verification system can check…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Azim Ospanov , Farzan Farnia , Roozbeh Yousefzadeh

Formal mathematics libraries are rapidly expanding, creating a growing need to refactor verified proofs for maintainability and to improve training data quality for neural provers. However, scalable proof optimization is hindered by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Riyaz Ahuja , Tate Rowney , Jeremy Avigad , Sean Welleck

We introduce our implementation in HOL Light of the metatheory for G\"odel-L\"ob provability logic (GL), covering soundness and completeness w.r.t. possible world semantics and featuring a prototype of a theorem prover for GL itself. The…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Marco Maggesi , Cosimo Perini Brogi

This article introduces Globular, an online proof assistant for the formalization and verification of proofs in higher-dimensional category theory. The tool produces graphical visualizations of higher-dimensional proofs, assists in their…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Krzysztof Bar , Aleks Kissinger , Jamie Vicary

The typical offline protocol to evaluate recommendation algorithms is to collect a dataset of user-item interactions and then use a part of this dataset to train a model, and the remaining data to measure how closely the model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Maria João Lavoura , Robert Jungnickel , João Vinagre

This paper presents a Prolog-based reasoning module to generate counterfactual explanations given the predictions computed by a black-box classifier. The proposed symbolic reasoning module can also resolve what-if queries using the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Gonzalo Nápoles , Fabian Hoitsma , Andreas Knoben , Agnieszka Jastrzebska , Maikel Leon Espinosa

In theorem provers based on dependent type theory such as Coq and Lean, induction is a fundamental proof method and induction tactics are omnipresent in proof scripts. Yet the ergonomics of existing induction tactics are not ideal: they do…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Jannis Limperg

Next Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation is a fundamental task in location-based services. While recent advances leverage Large Language Model (LLM) for sequential modeling, existing LLM-based approaches face two key limitations: (i)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Dongsheng Wang , Shen Gao , Chengrui Huang , Yuxi Huang , Ruixiang Feng , Shuo Shang