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Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has made significant strides in overcoming key limitations of large language models, such as hallucination, lack of contextual grounding, and issues with transparency. However, traditional RAG systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yash Saxena , Manas Gaur

We present ARCTraj, a dataset and methodological framework for modeling human reasoning through complex visual tasks in the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC). While ARC has inspired extensive research on abstract reasoning, most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sejin Kim , Hayan Choi , Seokki Lee , Sundong Kim

Analogical inference is a remarkable capability of human reasoning, and has been used to solve hard reasoning tasks. Analogy based reasoning (AR) has gained increasing interest from the artificial intelligence community and has shown its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Esteban Marquer , Miguel Couceiro

Analogical Reasoning problems challenge both connectionist and symbolic AI systems as these entail a combination of background knowledge, reasoning and pattern recognition. While symbolic systems ingest explicit domain knowledge and perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Vishwa Shah , Aditya Sharma , Gautam Shroff , Lovekesh Vig , Tirtharaj Dash , Ashwin Srinivasan

Recent advances in machine learning have led to a surge in adoption of neural networks for various tasks, but lack of interpretability remains an issue for many others in which an understanding of the features influencing the prediction is…

In abstract visual reasoning, monolithic deep learning models suffer from limited interpretability and generalization, while existing neuro-symbolic approaches fall short in capturing the diversity and systematicity of attributes and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Zhong-Hua Sun , Ru-Yuan Zhang , Zonglei Zhen , Da-Hui Wang , Yong-Jie Li , Xiaohong Wan , Hongzhi You

Analogical reasoning derives information from known relations and generalizes this information to similar yet unfamiliar situations. One of the first generalized ways in which deep learning models were able to solve verbal analogies was…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Luca H. Thoms , Karel A. Veldkamp , Hannes Rosenbusch , Claire E. Stevenson

Neuro-symbolic reinforcement learning (NS-RL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for explainable decision-making, characterized by the interpretability of symbolic policies. NS-RL entails structured state representations for tasks with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Lirui Luo , Guoxi Zhang , Hongming Xu , Yaodong Yang , Cong Fang , Qing Li

Neurosymbolic AI combines neural network adaptability with symbolic reasoning, promising an approach to address the complex regulatory, operational, and safety challenges in Advanced Air Mobility (AAM). This survey reviews its applications…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Kamal Acharya , Iman Sharifi , Mehul Lad , Liang Sun , Houbing Song

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC-AGI) poses a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), exposing limitations in their abstract reasoning abilities. In this work, we leverage task-specific data augmentations throughout…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Daniel Franzen , Jan Disselhoff , David Hartmann

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) is a general artificial intelligence benchmark that is currently unsolvable by any Machine Learning method, including Large Language Models (LLMs). It demands strong generalization and reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Filipe Marinho Rocha , Inês Dutra , Vítor Santos Costa

What types of numeric representations emerge in neural systems, and what would a satisfying answer to this question look like? In this work, we interpret Neural Network (NN) solutions to sequence based number tasks using a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Satchel Grant , Noah D. Goodman , James L. McClelland

Abstraction reasoning is a long-standing challenge in artificial intelligence. Recent studies suggest that many of the deep architectures that have triumphed over other domains failed to work well in abstract reasoning. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Kecheng Zheng , Zheng-jun Zha , Wei Wei

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus remains one of the most compelling and challenging benchmarks for tracking progress toward achieving Artificial General Intelligence. In contrast to other evaluation datasets designed to assess an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Michael D. Moffitt

Computational context understanding refers to an agent's ability to fuse disparate sources of information for decision-making and is, therefore, generally regarded as a prerequisite for sophisticated machine reasoning capabilities, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Alessandro Oltramari , Jonathan Francis , Cory Henson , Kaixin Ma , Ruwan Wickramarachchi

In this project, we test the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) dataset. This dataset serves as a representative benchmark for testing abstract reasoning abilities, requiring a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Liane Galanti , Ethan Baron

Neural Algorithmic Reasoning (NAR) is a paradigm that trains neural networks to execute classic algorithms by supervised learning. Despite its successes, important limitations remain: inability to construct valid solutions without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Alex Schutz , Victor-Alexandru Darvariu , Efimia Panagiotaki , Bruno Lacerda , Nick Hawes

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a popular approach for solving sequence-based tasks in machine learning. However, finding suitable alternatives to RL remains an exciting and innovative research area. One such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Ali Beikmohammadi , Sindri Magnússon

There is growing excitement about building software verifiers, synthesizers, and other Automated Reasoning (AR) tools by combining traditional symbolic algorithms and Large Language Models (LLMs). Unfortunately, the current practice for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Aaron Bembenek

Building neural systems that can learn to execute symbolic algorithms is a challenging open problem in artificial intelligence, especially when aiming for strong generalization and out-of-distribution performance. In this work, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Flavio Petruzzellis , Alberto Testolin , Alessandro Sperduti