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The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC-AGI) presents a formidable challenge for AI systems. Despite the typically low performance on ARC, the deep learning paradigm remains the most effective known strategy for generating skillful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jack Cole , Mohamed Osman

Neither deep neural networks nor symbolic AI alone has approached the kind of intelligence expressed in humans. This is mainly because neural networks are not able to decompose joint representations to obtain distinct objects (the so-called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Michael Hersche , Mustafa Zeqiri , Luca Benini , Abu Sebastian , Abbas Rahimi

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) provides a compact laboratory for studying abstract reasoning, an ability central to human intelligence. Modern AI systems, including LLMs and ViTs, largely operate as sequence-of-behavior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhiguang Liu , Yi Shang

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) is a challenging benchmark, introduced to foster AI research towards human-level intelligence. It is a collection of unique tasks about generating colored grids, specified by a few examples only.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Sébastien Ferré

Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence (NSAI) represents a transformative approach in artificial intelligence (AI) by combining deep learning's ability to handle large-scale and unstructured data with the structured reasoning of symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Oualid Bougzime , Samir Jabbar , Christophe Cruz , Frédéric Demoly

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) is a visual program synthesis benchmark designed to test challenging out-of-distribution generalization in humans and machines. Since 2019, limited progress has been observed on the challenge using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Solim LeGris , Wai Keen Vong , Brenden M. Lake , Todd M. Gureckis

Augmented Reality (AR) enriches human perception by overlaying virtual elements onto the physical world. However, this tight coupling between virtual and real content makes AR vulnerable to cognitive attacks: manipulations that distort…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Rongqian Chen , Allison Andreyev , Yanming Xiu , Joshua Chilukuri , Shunav Sen , Mahdi Imani , Bin Li , Maria Gorlatova , Gang Tan , Tian Lan

Broadly intelligent agents should form task-specific abstractions that selectively expose the essential elements of a task, while abstracting away the complexity of the raw sensorimotor space. In this work, we present Neuro-Symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yichao Liang , Nishanth Kumar , Hao Tang , Adrian Weller , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Tom Silver , João F. Henriques , Kevin Ellis

Textual content around us is growing on a daily basis. Numerous articles are being written as we speak on online newspapers, blogs, or social media. Similarly, recent advances in the AI field, like language models or traditional classic AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Nicos Isaak

We present a new question set, text corpus, and baselines assembled to encourage AI research in advanced question answering. Together, these constitute the AI2 Reasoning Challenge (ARC), which requires far more powerful knowledge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Peter Clark , Isaac Cowhey , Oren Etzioni , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Carissa Schoenick , Oyvind Tafjord

Current learning models often struggle with human-like systematic generalization, particularly in learning compositional rules from limited data and extrapolating them to novel combinations. We introduce the Neural-Symbolic Recursive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Qing Li , Yixin Zhu , Yitao Liang , Ying Nian Wu , Song-Chun Zhu , Siyuan Huang

The AI2 Reasoning Challenge (ARC), a new benchmark dataset for question answering (QA) has been recently released. ARC only contains natural science questions authored for human exams, which are hard to answer and require advanced logic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Yuyu Zhang , Hanjun Dai , Kamil Toraman , Le Song

Abstract reasoning and logic inference are difficult problems for neural networks, yet essential to their applicability in highly structured domains. In this work we demonstrate that a well known technique such as spectral regularization…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Victor Kolev , Bogdan Georgiev , Svetlin Penkov

Adapting to unforeseen novelties in open-world environments remains a major challenge for autonomous systems. While hybrid planning and reinforcement learning (RL) approaches show promise, they often suffer from sample inefficiency, slow…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pierrick Lorang

The recent work of Clark et al. introduces the AI2 Reasoning Challenge (ARC) and the associated ARC dataset that partitions open domain, complex science questions into an Easy Set and a Challenge Set. That paper includes an analysis of 100…

Human cognition excels at symbolic reasoning, deducing abstract rules from limited samples. This has been explained using symbolic and connectionist approaches, inspiring the development of a neuro-symbolic architecture that combines both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Mohamed Mejri , Chandramouli Amarnath , Abhijit Chatterjee

Arbitrarily Applicable Relational Responding (AARR) is a cornerstone of human language and reasoning, referring to the learned ability to relate symbols in flexible, context-dependent ways. In this paper, we present a novel theoretical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Robert Johansson

Deep learning has become the dominant approach for creating high capacity, scalable models across diverse data modalities. However, because these models rely on a large number of learned parameters, tightly couple feature extraction with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Adam Gould , Francesca Toni

We introduce the Neural State Machine, seeking to bridge the gap between the neural and symbolic views of AI and integrate their complementary strengths for the task of visual reasoning. Given an image, we first predict a probabilistic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Drew A. Hudson , Christopher D. Manning

The ability to think abstractly and reason by analogy is a prerequisite to rapidly adapt to new conditions, tackle newly encountered problems by decomposing them, and synthesize knowledge to solve problems comprehensively. We present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jakub Bednarek , Krzysztof Krawiec