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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in text-based tasks but often struggle to provide actionable guidance in real-world physical environments. This is because of their inability to recognize their limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Muhammad Saif Ullah Khan , Muhammad Zeshan Afzal , Didier Stricker

Predicting human behavior in shared environments is crucial for safe and efficient human-robot interaction. Traditional data-driven methods to that end are pre-trained on domain-specific datasets, activity types, and prediction horizons. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yuchen Liu , Lino Lerch , Luigi Palmieri , Andrey Rudenko , Sebastian Koch , Timo Ropinski , Marco Aiello

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require adaptive behavior planners to navigate unpredictable, real-world environments safely. Traditional behavior trees (BTs) offer structured decision logic but are inherently static and demand labor-intensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Omar Y. Goba , Ahmed Y. Gado , Catherine M. Elias , Ahmed Hussein

Vision-language models (VLMs) have tremendous potential for grounding language, and thus enabling language-conditioned agents (LCAs) to perform diverse tasks specified with text. This has motivated the study of LCAs based on reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Theo Cachet , Christopher R. Dance , Olivier Sigaud

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential in facilitating high-level reasoning, logical reasoning and robotics planning. Recently, LLMs have also been able to generate reward functions for low-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Marta Skreta , Zihan Zhou , Jia Lin Yuan , Kourosh Darvish , Alán Aspuru-Guzik , Animesh Garg

Leveraging temporal context is crucial for success in partially observable robotic tasks. However, prior work in behavior cloning has demonstrated inconsistent performance gains when using multi-frame observations. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Huiwon Jang , Sihyun Yu , Heeseung Kwon , Hojin Jeon , Younggyo Seo , Jinwoo Shin

In this paper, we propose Belief Behavior Trees (BBTs), an extension to Behavior Trees (BTs) that allows to automatically create a policy that controls a robot in partially observable environments. We extend the semantic of BTs to account…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Evgenii Safronov , Michele Colledanchise , Lorenzo Natale

Large language models (LLMs) have undergone significant expansion and have been increasingly integrated across various domains. Notably, in the realm of robot task planning, LLMs harness their advanced reasoning and language comprehension…

Modern manufacturing demands robotic assembly systems with enhanced flexibility and reliability. However, traditional approaches often rely on programming tailored to each product by experts for fixed settings, which are inherently…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xiwei Zhao , Yiwei Wang , Yansong Wu , Fan Wu , Teng Sun , Zhonghua Miao , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

In this paper, we investigate the use of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) for generating virtual activities, leveraging the integration of vision-language modalities to enable the interpretation of virtual environments. Our approach…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Changyang Li , Qingan Yan , Minyoung Kim , Zhan Li , Yi Xu , Lap-Fai Yu

This paper presents a novel approach to generating behavior trees for robots using lightweight large language models (LLMs) with a maximum of 7 billion parameters. The study demonstrates that it is possible to achieve satisfying results…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

The recent breakthroughs in the research on Large Language Models (LLMs) have triggered a transformation across several research domains. Notably, the integration of LLMs has greatly enhanced performance in robot Task And Motion Planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yuchen Liu , Luigi Palmieri , Sebastian Koch , Ilche Georgievski , Marco Aiello

Behavior Trees (BTs) offer a powerful paradigm for designing modular and reactive robot controllers. BT planning, an emerging field, provides theoretical guarantees for the automated generation of reliable BTs. However, BT planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yishuai Cai , Xinglin Chen , Yunxin Mao , Kun Hu , Minglong Li , Yaodong Yang , Yuanpei Chen

Enabling humanoid robots to perform autonomously loco-manipulation in unstructured environments is crucial and highly challenging for achieving embodied intelligence. This involves robots being able to plan their actions and behaviors in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Jin Wang , Arturo Laurenzi , Nikos Tsagarakis

Crop monitoring is essential for precision agriculture, but current systems lack high-level reasoning. We introduce a novel, modular framework that uses a Visual Language Model (VLM) to guide robotic task planning, interleaving input…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jose Cuaran , Kendall Koe , Aditya Potnis , Naveen Kumar Uppalapati , Girish Chowdhary

Large Language Models (LLM) have emerged as a tool for robots to generate task plans using common sense reasoning. For the LLM to generate actionable plans, scene context must be provided, often through a map. Recent works have shifted from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Mike Zhang , Kaixian Qu , Vaishakh Patil , Cesar Cadena , Marco Hutter

Large language models (LLMs) trained on huge corpora of text datasets demonstrate intriguing capabilities, achieving state-of-the-art performance on tasks they were not explicitly trained for. The precise nature of LLM capabilities is often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Eric J. Bigelow , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka , Tomer D. Ullman

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into autonomous driving motion planning has recently emerged as a promising direction, offering enhanced interpretability, better controllability, and improved generalization in rare and long-tail…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Zhipeng Tang , Sha Zhang , Jiajun Deng , Chenjie Wang , Guoliang You , Yuting Huang , Xinrui Lin , Yanyong Zhang

Foundation models like Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at common sense vision and language tasks such as visual question answering. However, they cannot yet directly solve complex, long-horizon robot manipulation problems requiring…

This paper introduces ACTLLM (Action Consistency Tuned Large Language Model), a novel approach for robot manipulation in dynamic environments. Traditional vision-based systems often struggle to learn visual representations that excel in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jing Bi , Lianggong Bruce Wen , Zhang Liu , Chenliang Xu