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The ''trace reconstruction'' problem asks, given an unknown binary string $x$ and a channel that repeatedly returns ''traces'' of $x$ with each bit randomly deleted with some probability $p$, how many traces are needed to recover $x$? There…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Arnav Burudgunte , Paul Valiant , Hongao Wang

Explicit non-asymptotic upper bounds on the sizes of multiple-deletion correcting codes are presented. In particular, the largest single-deletion correcting code for $q$-ary alphabet and string length $n$ is shown to be of size at most…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-11-15 Ankur A. Kulkarni , Negar Kiyavash

In the usual trace reconstruction problem, the goal is to exactly reconstruct an unknown string of length $n$ after it passes through a deletion channel many times independently, producing a set of traces (i.e., random subsequences of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Sami Davies , Miklos Z. Racz , Cyrus Rashtchian , Benjamin G. Schiffer

We study segmented burst-deletion channels motivated by the observation that synchronization errors commonly occur in a bursty manner in real-world settings. In this channel model, transmitted sequences are implicitly divided into…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yajuan Liu , Tolga M. Duman

We present a constraint-coding scheme to correct asymmetric magnitude-$1$ errors in multi-level non-volatile memories. For large numbers of such errors, the scheme is shown to deliver better correction capability compared to known…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-12 Evyatar Hemo , Yuval Cassuto

Consider a length-$n$ sequence $\bm{x}$ over a $q$-ary alphabet. The \emph{fixed-length Levenshtein ball} $\mathcal{L}_t(\bm{x})$ of radius $t$ encompasses all length-$n$ $q$-ary sequences that can be derived from $\bm{x}$ by performing $t$…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yuanxiao Xi , Yubo Sun , Gennian Ge

We study error-correcting codes in the space $\mathcal{S}_{n,q}$ of length-$n$ multisets over a $q$-ary alphabet under the deletion metric, motivated by permutation channels in which ordering is completely lost and errors act only on symbol…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Avraham Kreindel , Isaac Barouch Essayag , Aryeh Lev Zabokritskiy

We study optimal reconstruction codes over the multiple-burst substitution channel. Our main contribution is establishing a trade-off between the error-correction capability of the code, the number of reads used in the reconstruction…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Wenjun Yu , Yubo Sun , Zixiang Xu , Gennian Ge , Moshe Schwartz

Two-dimensional error-correcting codes, where codewords are represented as $n \times n$ arrays over a $q$-ary alphabet, find important applications in areas such as QR codes, DNA-based storage, and racetrack memories. Among the possible…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Wenhao Liu , Zhengyi Jiang , Zhongyi Huang , Hanxu Hou

A (tandem) duplication of length $ k $ is an insertion of an exact copy of a substring of length $ k $ next to its original position. This and related types of impairments are of relevance in modeling communication in the presence of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Mladen Kovačević , Vincent Y. F. Tan

In the trace reconstruction problem an unknown string ${\bf x}=(x_0,\dots,x_{n-1})\in\{0,1,...,m-1\}^n$ is observed through the deletion channel, which deletes each $x_k$ with a certain probability, yielding a contracted string…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-08-08 Lisa Hartung , Nina Holden , Yuval Peres

The insertion-deletion channel takes as input a bit string ${\bf x}\in\{0,1\}^{n}$, and outputs a string where bits have been deleted and inserted independently at random. The trace reconstruction problem is to recover $\bf x$ from many…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-28 Nina Holden , Robin Pemantle , Yuval Peres , Alex Zhai

One peculiarity with deletion-correcting codes is that perfect $t$-deletion-correcting codes of the same length over the same alphabet can have different numbers of codewords, because the balls of radius $t$ with respect to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-08-10 Yeow Meng Chee , Gennian Ge , Alan C. H. Ling

Trace reconstruction considers the task of recovering an unknown string $x \in \{0,1\}^n$ given a number of independent "traces", i.e., subsequences of $x$ obtained by randomly and independently deleting every symbol of $x$ with some…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Elena Grigorescu , Madhu Sudan , Minshen Zhu

In this paper, we present a novel communication channel, called the absorption channel, inspired by information transmission in neurons. Our motivation comes from in-vivo nano-machines, emerging medical applications, and brain-machine…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Zuo Ye , Ohad Elishco

This paper studies the problem of reconstructing a word given several of its noisy copies. This setup is motivated by several applications, among them is reconstructing strands in DNA-based storage systems. Under this paradigm, a word is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Omer Sabary , Eitan Yaakobi , Alexander Yucovich

The reconstruction problem for permutations on $n$ elements from their erroneous patterns which are distorted by transpositions is presented in this paper. It is shown that for any $n \geq 3$ an unknown permutation is uniquely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Elena Konstantinova , Vladimir Levenshtein , Johannes Siemons

Nanopore sequencers are emerging as promising new platforms for high-throughput sequencing. As with other technologies, sequencer errors pose a major challenge for their effective use. In this paper, we present a novel information theoretic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-01-12 Jarek Duda , Wojciech Szpankowski , Ananth Grama

We study the problem of reconstructing an unknown point in $\mathbb{R}^d$ from approximate linear queries. This setting arises naturally in applications ranging from low-dimensional remote sensing and signal recovery to high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yuval Filmus , Shay Moran , Elizaveta Nesterova

We show that for a fixed $q$, the number of $q$-ary $t$-error correcting codes of length $n$ is at most $2^{(1 + o(1)) H_q(n,t)}$ for all $t \leq (1 - q^{-1})n - C_q\sqrt{n \log n}$ (for sufficiently large constant $C_q$), where $H_q(n, t)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-26 Dingding Dong , Nitya Mani , Yufei Zhao