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The discourse on privacy risks in Large Language Models (LLMs) has disproportionately focused on verbatim memorization of training data, while a constellation of more immediate and scalable privacy threats remain underexplored. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Niloofar Mireshghallah , Tianshi Li

Although large language models have demonstrated the potential for personalized advertising recommendations in experimental environments, in actual operations, how advertising recommendation systems can be combined with measures such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Haoyang Feng , Yanjun Dai , Yuan Gao

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for specific tasks introduces privacy risks, as models may inadvertently memorise and leak sensitive training data. While Differential Privacy (DP) offers a solution to mitigate these risks, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Olivia Ma , Jonathan Passerat-Palmbach , Dmitrii Usynin

The emergence of large language models (LLMs), and their increased use in user-facing systems, has led to substantial privacy concerns. To date, research on these privacy concerns has been model-centered: exploring how LLMs lead to privacy…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Tianshi Li , Sauvik Das , Hao-Ping Lee , Dakuo Wang , Bingsheng Yao , Zhiping Zhang

Pre-trained Language Model (PLM) has become a representative foundation model in the natural language processing field. Most PLMs are trained with linguistic-agnostic pre-training tasks on the surface form of the text, such as the masked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Yiming Cui , Wanxiang Che , Shijin Wang , Ting Liu

Positioned between pre-training and user deployment, aligning large language models (LLMs) through reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a prevailing strategy for training instruction following-models such as ChatGPT. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Fan Wu , Huseyin A. Inan , Arturs Backurs , Varun Chandrasekaran , Janardhan Kulkarni , Robert Sim

With the increasing use of cloud-based services for training and deploying machine learning models, data privacy has become a major concern. This is particularly important for natural language processing (NLP) models, which often process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Davut Emre Tasar , Ceren Ocal Tasar

Masked language modeling (MLM) plays a key role in pretraining large language models. But the MLM objective is often dominated by high-frequency words that are sub-optimal for learning factual knowledge. In this work, we propose an approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Nafis Sadeq , Byungkyu Kang , Prarit Lamba , Julian McAuley

Neural language models are known to have a high capacity for memorization of training samples. This may have serious privacy implications when training models on user content such as email correspondence. Differential privacy (DP), a…

Speaker anonymization aims to protect the privacy of speakers while preserving spoken linguistic information from speech. Current mainstream neural network speaker anonymization systems are complicated, containing an F0 extractor, speaker…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Xiaoxiao Miao , Xin Wang , Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi , Natalia Tomashenko

In this paper, we investigate the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in obfuscating authorship by paraphrasing and altering writing styles. Rather than adopting a holistic approach that evaluates performance across the entire dataset,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mohammad Shokri , Sarah Ita Levitan , Rivka Levitan

Large language models (LLMs) are excellent few-shot learners. They can perform a wide variety of tasks purely based on natural language prompts provided to them. These prompts contain data of a specific downstream task -- often the private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Haonan Duan , Adam Dziedzic , Mohammad Yaghini , Nicolas Papernot , Franziska Boenisch

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in text understanding and generation, and they are increasingly being utilized across various domains to enhance productivity. However, due to the high costs of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yu Mao , Xueping Liao , Wei Liu , Anjia Yang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating natural language. However, these models can inadvertently memorize private information, posing significant privacy risks. This study addresses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Zhenhua Liu , Tong Zhu , Chuanyuan Tan , Wenliang Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the landscape of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Their impact extends across a diverse spectrum of tasks, revolutionizing how we approach language understanding and generations.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Sara Abdali , Richard Anarfi , CJ Barberan , Jia He , Erfan Shayegani

Large Language models (LLMs) are trained on large amounts of data, which can include sensitive information that may compromise personal privacy. LLMs showed to memorize parts of the training data and emit those data verbatim when an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Aly M. Kassem

Neural language models are black-boxes--both linguistic patterns and factual knowledge are distributed across billions of opaque parameters. This entangled encoding makes it difficult to reliably inspect, verify, or update specific facts.…

Pre-trained models are widely used in the tasks of natural language processing nowadays. However, in the specific field of text simplification, the research on improving pre-trained models is still blank. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Renliang Sun , Xiaojun Wan

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven considerable interest in fine-tuning them with domain-specific data to create specialized language models. Nevertheless, such domain-specific fine-tuning data often contains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yijia Xiao , Yiqiao Jin , Yushi Bai , Yue Wu , Xianjun Yang , Xiao Luo , Wenchao Yu , Xujiang Zhao , Yanchi Liu , Quanquan Gu , Haifeng Chen , Wei Wang , Wei Cheng

While Code Language Models (CLMs) have demonstrated superior performance in software engineering tasks such as code generation and summarization, recent empirical studies reveal a critical privacy vulnerability: these models exhibit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zhaoyang Chu , Yao Wan , Zhikun Zhang , Di Wang , Zhou Yang , Hongyu Zhang , Pan Zhou , Xuanhua Shi , Hai Jin , David Lo