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Legislators, designers of legal information systems, as well as citizens face often problems due to the interdependence of the laws and the growing number of references needed to interpret them. Quantifying this complexity is not an easy…
The growing availability and use of deepfake technologies increases risks for democratic societies, e.g., for political communication on online platforms. The EU has responded with transparency obligations for providers and deployers of…
In this paper, we examine how online political micro-targeting is regulated in Europe. While there are no specific rules on such micro-targeting, there are general rules that apply. We focus on three fields of law: data protection law,…
To promote sustainable business practices, and to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, the EU has developed the taxonomy of sustainable activities, which describes when exactly business practices can be considered sustainable. While the…
There is an increasing supply and demand for political advertising throughout the world. At the same time, societal threats, such as election interference by foreign governments and other bad actors, continues to be a pressing concern in…
Today, literature skills are necessary. Engineering and other technical professions are not an exception from this requirement. Traditionally, technical reading and writing have been framed with a limited scope, containing documentation,…
Compliance with the European Union's Platform-to-Business (P2B) Regulation is challenging for online platforms, and assessing their compliance can be difficult for public authorities. This is partly due to the lack of automated tools for…
The European Union (EU) has long favored a risk-based approach to regulation. Such an approach is also used in recent cyber security legislation enacted in the EU. Risks are also inherently related to compliance with the new legislation.…
The many initiatives on trustworthy AI result in a confusing and multipolar landscape that organizations operating within the fluid and complex international value chains must navigate in pursuing trustworthy AI. The EU's AI Act will now…
In the course of under a year, the European Commission has launched some of the most important regulatory proposals to date on platform governance. The Commission's goals behind cross-sectoral regulation of this sort include the protection…
The implementation of the AI Act requires practical mechanisms to verify compliance with legal obligations, yet concrete and operational mappings from high-level requirements to verifiable assessment activities remain limited, contributing…
Online political advertisements have become an important element in electoral campaigning throughout the world. At the same time, concepts such as disinformation and manipulation have emerged as a global concern. Although these concepts are…
Understanding how data quality aligns with regulatory requirements in machine learning (ML) systems presents a critical challenge for practitioners navigating the evolving EU regulatory landscape. To address this, we first propose a…
Technological innovations have shown remarkable capabilities to benefit and harm society alike. AI constitutes a democratized sophisticated technology accessible to large parts of society, including malicious actors. This work proposes a…
The EU AI Act represents the world's first transnational AI regulation with concrete enforcement measures. It builds on existing EU mechanisms for regulating health and safety of products but extends them to protect fundamental rights and…
Data protection laws and policies have been studied extensively in recent years, but little is known about the parliamentary politics of data protection. This imitation applies even to the European Union (EU) that has taken the global lead…
The European Union introduced the Digital Services Act (DSA) to address the risks associated with digital platforms and promote a safer online environment. However, despite the potential of components such as the Transparency Database,…
This study analyzes political interactions in the European Parliament (EP) by considering how the political agenda of the plenary sessions has evolved over time and the manner in which Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) have reacted…
The EU's Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) is a significant step towards responsible AI development, but lacks clear technical interpretation, making it difficult to assess models' compliance. This work presents COMPL-AI, a comprehensive…
A central requirement of the European Union's Digital Services Act (DSA) is that online platforms undergo internal and external audits. A key component of these audits is the assessment of systemic risks, including the dissemination of…