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Modern software has been an integral part of everyday activities in many disciplines and application contexts. Introducing intelligent automation by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) led to break-throughs in many fields. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Sallam Abualhaija , Marcello Ceci , Lionel Briand

A lack of political legitimacy undermines the ability of the European Union to resolve major crises and threatens the stability of the system as a whole. By integrating digital data into political processes, the EU seeks to base…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Christopher Starke , Marco Luenich

Online political advertising is a central aspect of modern election campaigning for influencing public opinion. Computational analysis of political ads is of utmost importance in political science to understand the characteristics of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Danae Sánchez Villegas , Saeid Mokaram , Nikolaos Aletras

Identifying regulatory statements in legislation is useful for developing metrics to measure the regulatory density and strictness of legislation. A computational method is valuable for scaling the identification of such statements from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Gijs Jan Brandsma , Jens Blom-Hansen , Christiaan Meijer , Kody Moodley

The EU AI Act is the proposed EU legislation concerning AI systems. This paper identifies several categories of the AI Act. Based on this categorization, a questionnaire is developed that serves as a tool to offer insights by creating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Jacintha Walters , Diptish Dey , Debarati Bhaumik , Sophie Horsman

The Digital Services Act (DSA) introduces harmonized rules for content moderation and platform governance in the European Union, mandating robust compliance mechanisms, particularly for very large online platforms and search engines. This…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Marie-Therese Sekwenz , Ben Wagner , Hans De Bruijn

The emergence of big data, AI and machine learning has allowed sellers and online platforms to tailor pricing for customers in real-time. While online algorithmic pricing can increase efficiency, market welfare, and optimize pricing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zihao Li

Online political advertising has become the cornerstone of political campaigns. The budget spent solely on political advertising in the U.S. has increased by more than 100% from \$700 million during the 2017-2018 U.S. election cycle to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Vera Sosnovik , Romaissa Kessi , Maximin Coavoux , Oana Goga

The European Union (EU) has been pursuing a new strategy under the umbrella label of digital sovereignty. Data is an important element in this strategy. To this end, a specific Data Governance Act was enacted in 2022. This new regulation…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Jukka Ruohonen , Sini Mickelsson

In December 2023, the European Parliament provisionally agreed on the EU AI Act. This unprecedented regulatory framework for AI systems lays out guidelines to ensure the safety, legality, and trustworthiness of AI products. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-12 J. Kelly , S. Zafar , L. Heidemann , J. Zacchi , D. Espinoza , N. Mata

The artificial intelligence value chain is one of the main concepts underpinning the European legislation on the subject, especially the Artificial Intelligence Act. It is an economic concept that has become a legal one. i.e., a concept of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Pompeu Casanovas

As AI-driven dataspaces become integral to data sharing and collaborative analytics, ensuring privacy, performance, and policy compliance presents significant challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive review of privacy-preserving and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Joydeep Chandra , Satyam Kumar Navneet

While procedures prevail on the European market for the greater good of its citizens, it might be daunting when trying to introduce a product, whether innovative or not. In the current world, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are ubiquitous in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Guillaume Nguyen , Manon Knockaert , Michael Lognoul , Xavier Devroey

We summarize the potential impact that the European Union's new General Data Protection Regulation will have on the routine use of machine learning algorithms. Slated to take effect as law across the EU in 2018, it will restrict automated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-25 Bryce Goodman , Seth Flaxman

In this work, we analyze the legal requirements on how cookie banners are supposed to be implemented to be fully compliant with the e-Privacy Directive and the General Data Protection Regulation. Our contribution resides in the definition…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Cristiana Santos , Nataliia Bielova , Célestin Matte

The upsurge of policies and guidelines that aim to ensure Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are safe and trustworthy has led to a fragmented landscape of AI governance. The European Union (EU) is a key actor in the development of such…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Delaram Golpayegani , Marta Lasek-Markey , Arjumand Younus , Aphra Kerr , Dave Lewis

Insightful findings in political science often require researchers to analyze documents of a certain subject or type, yet these documents are usually contained in large corpora that do not distinguish between pertinent and non-pertinent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Shrey Desai , Barea Sinno , Alex Rosenfeld , Junyi Jessy Li

The European Union (EU) has been pursuing new cyber security policies in recent years. This paper presents a short reflection of four such policies. The focus is on potential incoherency, meaning a lack of integration, divergence between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Jukka Ruohonen

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in various fields requires solid concepts to ensure compliance with upcoming legislation. This paper systematically examines the compliance of AI systems with relevant…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Julius Schöning , Niklas Kruse

Mapping political party systems to metric policy spaces is one of the major methodological problems in political science. At present, in most political science project this task is performed by domain experts relying on purely qualitative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Daria Boratyn , Damian Brzyski , Beata Kosowska-Gąstoł , Jan Rybicki , Wojciech Słomczyński , Dariusz Stolicki