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Transformer is an attention-based neural network, which consists of two sublayers, namely, Self-Attention Network (SAN) and Feed-Forward Network (FFN). Existing research explores to enhance the two sublayers separately to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Zhihao Fan , Yeyun Gong , Dayiheng Liu , Zhongyu Wei , Siyuan Wang , Jian Jiao , Nan Duan , Ruofei Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Transformer-based neural decoders have emerged as a promising approach to error correction coding, combining data-driven adaptability with efficient modeling of long-range dependencies. This paper presents a novel decoder architecture that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Chin Wa Lau , Xiang Shi , Ziyan Zheng , Haiwen Cao , Nian Guo

Transformers have become one of the most important architectural innovations in deep learning and have enabled many breakthroughs over the past few years. Here we propose a simple network architecture, gMLP, based on MLPs with gating, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Hanxiao Liu , Zihang Dai , David R. So , Quoc V. Le

Theoretical efforts to prove advantages of Transformers in comparison with classical architectures such as feedforward and recurrent neural networks have mostly focused on representational power. In this work, we take an alternative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Alireza Mousavi-Hosseini , Clayton Sanford , Denny Wu , Murat A. Erdogdu

The Transformer architecture is widely used in natural language processing. Despite its success, the design principle of the Transformer remains elusive. In this paper, we provide a novel perspective towards understanding the architecture:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Yiping Lu , Zhuohan Li , Di He , Zhiqing Sun , Bin Dong , Tao Qin , Liwei Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

The Transformer architecture has become a cornerstone of modern artificial intelligence, but its core self-attention mechanism suffers from a complexity bottleneck that scales quadratically with sequence length, severely limiting its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zhongpan Tang

Transformers encode structure in sequences via an expanding contextual history. However, their purely feedforward architecture fundamentally limits dynamic state tracking. State tracking -- the iterative updating of latent variables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Michael C. Mozer , Shoaib Ahmed Siddiqui , Rosanne Liu

Dynamic attention mechanism and global modeling ability make Transformer show strong feature learning ability. In recent years, Transformer has become comparable to CNNs methods in computer vision. This review mainly investigates the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Yuting Yang , Licheng Jiao , Xu Liu , Fang Liu , Shuyuan Yang , Zhixi Feng , Xu Tang

The primary focus of recent work with largescale transformers has been on optimizing the amount of information packed into the model's parameters. In this work, we ask a different question: Can multimodal transformers leverage explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Liangke Gui , Borui Wang , Qiuyuan Huang , Alex Hauptmann , Yonatan Bisk , Jianfeng Gao

Transformers achieve great performance on Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, their systematic generalization capabilities, i.e., handling novel combinations of known concepts, is unclear. We reveal that Neural Module Networks (NMNs),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Moyuru Yamada , Vanessa D'Amario , Kentaro Takemoto , Xavier Boix , Tomotake Sasaki

Transformers flexibly operate over sets of real-valued vectors representing task-specific entities and their attributes, where each vector might encode one word-piece token and its position in a sequence, or some piece of information that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Cameron Diao , Ricky Loynd

While convolutional neural networks have shown a tremendous impact on various computer vision tasks, they generally demonstrate limitations in explicitly modeling long-range dependencies due to the intrinsic locality of the convolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Guanglei Yang , Hao Tang , Mingli Ding , Nicu Sebe , Elisa Ricci

Transformers are deep architectures that define "in-context mappings" which enable predicting new tokens based on a given set of tokens (such as a prompt in NLP applications or a set of patches for a vision transformer). In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Takashi Furuya , Maarten V. de Hoop , Gabriel Peyré

Due to the highly parallelizable architecture, Transformer is faster to train than RNN-based models and popularly used in machine translation tasks. However, at inference time, each output word requires all the hidden states of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Chengyi Wang , Shuangzhi Wu , Shujie Liu

Transformers have achieved remarkable success in time series modeling, yet their internal mechanisms remain opaque. This work demystifies the Transformer encoder by establishing its fundamental equivalence to a Graph Convolutional Network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Chen Zhang , Weixin Bu , Wendong Xu , Runsheng Yu , Yik-Chung Wu , Ngai Wong

In this work we present a Mixture of Task-Aware Experts Network for Machine Reading Comprehension on a relatively small dataset. We particularly focus on the issue of common-sense learning, enforcing the common ground knowledge by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Anirudha Rayasam , Anusha Kamath , Gabriel Bayomi Tinoco Kalejaiye

Transformer, composed of self-attention and Feed-Forward Network, has revolutionized the landscape of network design across various vision tasks. While self-attention is extensively explored as a key factor in performance, FFN has received…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Seokju Yun , Dongheon Lee , Youngmin Ro

In this work, we present a generalized formulation of the Transformer algorithm by reinterpreting its core mechanisms within the framework of Path Integral formalism. In this perspective, the attention mechanism is recast as a process that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-05-02 Won-Gi Paeng , Daesuk Kwon , Kyungwon Jeong , Honggyo Suh

We propose a general framework called Text Modular Networks(TMNs) for building interpretable systems that learn to solve complex tasks by decomposing them into simpler ones solvable by existing models. To ensure solvability of simpler…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Tushar Khot , Daniel Khashabi , Kyle Richardson , Peter Clark , Ashish Sabharwal

There exist many problem domains where the interpretability of neural network models is essential for deployment. Here we introduce a recurrent architecture composed of input-switched affine transformations - in other words an RNN without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Jakob N. Foerster , Justin Gilmer , Jan Chorowski , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , David Sussillo