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Given a collection of feature maps indexed by a set $\mathcal{T}$, we study the performance of empirical risk minimization (ERM) on regression problems with square loss over the union of the linear classes induced by these feature maps.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-20 Ayoub El Hanchi , Chris J. Maddison , Murat A. Erdogdu

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is a fundamental machine learning paradigm. However, its generalization ability is limited in various tasks. In this paper, we devise Dummy Risk Minimization (DuRM), a frustratingly easy and general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Juncheng Wang , Jindong Wang , Xixu Hu , Shujun Wang , Xing Xie

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is the workhorse of machine learning, whether for classification and regression or for off-policy policy learning, but its model-agnostic guarantees can fail when we use adaptively collected data, such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-04 Aurélien Bibaut , Antoine Chambaz , Maria Dimakopoulou , Nathan Kallus , Mark van der Laan

Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) based machine learning algorithms have suffered from weak generalization performance on data obtained from out-of-distribution (OOD). To address this problem, Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM) objective was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Jun-Hyun Bae , Inchul Choi , Minho Lee

We introduce Feasible Learning (FL), a sample-centric learning paradigm where models are trained by solving a feasibility problem that bounds the loss for each training sample. In contrast to the ubiquitous Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM)…

Learning models that are robust to distribution shifts is a key concern in the context of their real-life applicability. Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM) is a popular framework that aims to learn robust models from multiple environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Moulik Choraria , Ibtihal Ferwana , Ankur Mani , Lav R. Varshney

Currently, machine learning plays an important role in the lives and individual activities of numerous people. Accordingly, it has become necessary to design machine learning algorithms to ensure that discrimination, biased views, or unfair…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-11-09 Kazuto Fukuchi , Jun Sakuma

Invariant Causal Prediction (Peters et al., 2016) is a technique for out-of-distribution generalization which assumes that some aspects of the data distribution vary across the training set but that the underlying causal mechanisms remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Elan Rosenfeld , Pradeep Ravikumar , Andrej Risteski

The theoretical and empirical performance of Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) often suffers when loss functions are poorly behaved with large Lipschitz moduli and spurious sharp minimizers. We propose and analyze a counterpart to ERM…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-08 Matthew Norton , Johannes O. Royset

Machine learning models often generalize poorly to out-of-distribution (OOD) data as a result of relying on features that are spuriously correlated with the label during training. Recently, the technique of Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Dongsung Huh , Avinash Baidya

We introduce Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM), a learning paradigm to estimate invariant correlations across multiple training distributions. To achieve this goal, IRM learns a data representation such that the optimal classifier, on top…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-31 Martin Arjovsky , Léon Bottou , Ishaan Gulrajani , David Lopez-Paz

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is ubiquitous in machine learning and underlies most supervised learning methods. While there has been a large body of work on algorithms for various ERM problems, the exact computational complexity of ERM…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Arturs Backurs , Piotr Indyk , Ludwig Schmidt

Statistical learning methods typically assume that the training and test data originate from the same distribution, enabling effective risk minimization. However, real-world applications frequently involve distributional shifts, leading to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-27 Philip Kennerberg , Ernst C. Wit

Machine learning models have exhibited exceptional results in various domains. The most prevalent approach for learning is the empirical risk minimizer (ERM), which adapts the model's weights to reduce the loss on a training set and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Koby Bibas

We study the minimal error of the Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) procedure in the task of regression, both in the random and the fixed design settings. Our sharp lower bounds shed light on the possibility (or impossibility) of adapting…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Gil Kur , Alexander Rakhlin

Networked data, in which every training example involves two objects and may share some common objects with others, is used in many machine learning tasks such as learning to rank and link prediction. A challenge of learning from networked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Yuanhong Wang , Yuyi Wang , Xingwu Liu , Juhua Pu

We study conditional risk minimization (CRM), i.e. the problem of learning a hypothesis of minimal risk for prediction at the next step of sequentially arriving dependent data. Despite it being a fundamental problem, successful learning in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-06 Alexander Zimin , Christoph Lampert

In order to circumvent statistical and computational hardness results in sequential decision-making, recent work has considered smoothed online learning, where the distribution of data at each time is assumed to have bounded likeliehood…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-26 Adam Block , Alexander Rakhlin , Abhishek Shetty

Empirical risk minimization can lead to poor generalization behavior on unseen environments if the learned model does not capture invariant feature representations. Invariant risk minimization (IRM) is a recent proposal for discovering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Francesco Alesiani , Shujian Yu , Mathias Niepert

Many modern computational approaches to classical problems in quantitative finance are formulated as empirical loss minimization (ERM), allowing direct applications of classical results from statistical machine learning. These methods,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-27 A. Max Reppen , H. Mete Soner
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