Related papers: 3GPP Evolution from 5G to 6G: A 10-Year Retrospect…
The fifth-generation (5G) mobile/cellular technology is a game changer for industrial systems. Private 5G deployments are promising to address the challenges faced by industrial networks. Programmability and open-source are two key aspects…
6G will revolutionize the software world allowing faster cellular communications and a massive number of connected devices. 6G will enable a shift towards a continuous edge-to-cloud architecture. Current cloud solutions, where all the data…
In this article, the new term, namely beam-space multiplexing, is proposed for the former multi-layer beamforming for 4G TD-LTE in 3GPP releases. We provide a systematic overview of beam-space multiplexing from engineering and theoretical…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is pivotal in advancing fifth-generation (5G)-Advanced and sixth-generation systems, capturing substantial research interest. Both the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and leading corporations champion…
5G technology will drastically change the way satellite internet providers deliver services by offering higher data speeds, massive network capacity, reduced latency, improved reliability and increased availability. A standardised 5G…
The sixth generation (6G) networks are expected to enable immersive communications and bridge the physical and the virtual worlds. Integrating extended reality, holography, and haptics, immersive communications will revolutionize how people…
Technology forecasts anticipate a new era in which massive numbers of humans, machines, and things are connected to wireless networks to sense, process, act, and communicate with the surrounding environment in a real-time manner. To make…
The Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a cellular access technology developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to provide wide area connectivity for the Internet of Things. Since its introduction in 3GPP Release 13,…
The concept of the Metaverse aims to bring a fully-fledged extended reality environment to provide next generation applications and services. Development of the Metaverse is backed by many technologies, including, 5G, artificial…
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models are rapidly permeating the 5G Radio Access Network (RAN), powering beam management, channel state information (CSI) feedback, positioning, and mobility prediction. However,…
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been recognized as the key technology in the vision of the sixth generation (6G) era. With the emergence of new concepts in mobile communications, the channel model is the prerequisite for…
This paper envisions 6G as a self-evolving telecom ecosystem, where AI-driven intelligence enables dynamic adaptation beyond static connectivity. We explore the key enablers of autonomous communication systems, spanning reconfigurable…
We present the progress of the GPT family from GPT-3 through GPT-3.5, GPT-4, GPT-4 Turbo, GPT-4o, GPT-4.1, and the GPT-5 family. Our work is comparative rather than merely historical. We investigates how the family evolved in technical…
Satellite communication is experiencing a new dawn thanks to low earth orbit mega constellations being deployed at an unprecedented speed. Fueled by the renewed interest in non-terrestrial networks (NTN), the Third Generation Partnership…
The efforts on the development, standardization and improvements to communication systems towards 5G Advanced and 6G are on track to provide benefits such as an unprecedented level of connectivity and performance, enabling a diverse range…
This article presents a data-driven system-level analysis of multi-layer 6G networks operating in the upper mid-band (FR3: 7-24 GHz). Unlike most prior studies based on 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) templates, we leverage…
The proposed 3GPP's 5G Next-generation (NextGen) Core architecture (5GC) enables the ability to introduce new user and control plane functions within the context of network slicing to allow greater flexibility in handling of heterogeneous…
Smart services based on the Internet of Everything (IoE) are gaining considerable popularity due to the ever-increasing demands of wireless networks. This demands the appraisal of the wireless networks with enhanced properties as…
The goal of this paper is to present advances on recent 3GPP standardization activities related to Device-to-Device (D2D) and public safety. The paper provides a clear 3GPP state of the art, including when the 3GPP work on D2D and public…
5G is finally here. Initial deployments are already operational in several major cities and first 5G-capable devices are being released. Though it is not limited only to millimeter wave deployments, the main promise of 5G lies in the…