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The purpose of this paper is to examine the major factors surrouding and contributing to the creation (and success) of Europe's 2nd generation 'GSM' cellular system, and compare and contrast it to key events and recent developments in 3rd…
Fifth-generation (5G) networks enable a variety of use cases that require differentiated connectivity, e.g., Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), and massive Machine Type Communication…
5G wireless communications technology is being launched, with many smart applications being integrated. However, 5G specifications merge the requirements of new emerging technologies forcefully. These include data rate, capacity, latency,…
The recent and upcoming releases of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project's 5G New Radio specifications include features that are motivated by providing connectivity services to a broad set of verticals, including the automotive, rail, and…
Massive developments in mobile wireless telecommunication networks have been made during the last few decades. At present, mobile users are getting familiar with the latest 5G networks, and the discussion for the next generation of Beyond…
Wireless communication is rapidly evolving, and future wireless communications (6G and beyond) will be more heterogeneous, multi-layered, and complex, which poses challenges to traditional communications. Adaptive technologies in…
The second-generation (2G) mobile systems were developed in response to the growing demand for a system that met mobile communication demands while also providing greater interoperability with other systems. International organizations were…
IAB is an innovative wireless backhaul solution to provide cost-efficient deployment of small cells for successful 5G adoption. Besides, IAB can utilize the same spectrum for access and backhaul purposes. The 3GPP standardized IAB in…
Mobile communication technologies have been evolving for many years with each generation transforming the way we experience new services. As the Smartphone market has significantly expanded in recent years and expected to grow more in years…
While the fifth generation (5G) is bringing an innovative fabric of breakthrough technologies, enabling smart factories, cities, and Internet-of-Things (IoT), the unprecedented strain on communication networks put by these applications, in…
Communications at mmWave frequencies will be a key enabler of the next generation of cellular networks, due to the multi-Gbps rate that can be achieved. However, there are still several problems that must be solved before this technology…
Future applications such as intelligent vehicles, the Internet of Things and holographic telepresence are already highlighting the limits of existing fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. These limitations relate to data throughput,…
Recent years have witnessed a digital explosion with the deployment of 5G and proliferation of 5G-enabled innovations. Compared with 5G, 6G is envisioned to achieve much higher performance in terms of latency, data rate, connectivity,…
Whilst the fifth-generation (5G) systems are being rolled out across the globe, researchers have turned their attention to the exploration of radical next-generation solutions. At this early evolutionary stage we survey five main research…
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is currently deliberating on the finalization of candidate radio interface technologies (RITs) for IMT-2020 (International Mobile Telecommunications) suitability. The candidate technologies…
One of the rapidly emerging services for fifth-generation (5G)-Advanced is eXtended Reality (XR) which combines several immersive experiences and cloud gaming services. Those services are demanding as they call for relatively high data…
Driven by increasing demands on connectivity to improve safety, situational awareness and operational effectiveness for first responders, more and more public safety agencies are realizing the need of modernization of their existing…
5G New Radio (NR) promises to support diverse services such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC). This requires spectrum, most of which is…
Current Type I and Type II codebooks in fifth generation (5G) wireless communications are limited in supporting the coexistence of far-field and near-field user equipments, as they are exclusively designed for far-field scenarios. To fill…
With increasing availability of spectrum in the market due to new spectrum allocation and re-farming bands from previous cellular generation networks, a more flexible, efficient and green usage of the spectrum becomes an important topic in…