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Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have become increasingly popular for zero-shot forecasting. However, for a new time series domain not fully covered by the pretraining set, performance can suffer. Therefore, when a practitioner cares…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Thomas L. Lee , Edoardo M. Ponti , Amos Storkey

An efficient customer service management system hinges on precise forecasting of service volume. In this scenario, where data non-stationarity is pronounced, successful forecasting heavily relies on identifying and leveraging similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tianfeng Wang , Gaojie Cui

Time series forecasting (TSF) is essential in various domains, and recent advancements in diffusion-based TSF models have shown considerable promise. However, these models typically adopt traditional diffusion patterns, treating TSF as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Jiaxin Gao , Qinglong Cao , Yuntian Chen

High-dimensional time series prediction is needed in applications as diverse as demand forecasting and climatology. Often, such applications require methods that are both highly scalable, and deal with noisy data in terms of corruptions or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Hsiang-Fu Yu , Nikhil Rao , Inderjit S. Dhillon

We investigate input normalization methods for Time-Series Foundation Models (TSFMs). While normalization is well-studied in dataset-specific time-series models, it remains overlooked in TSFMs where generalization is critical. Time-series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ihab Ahmed , Denis Krompaß , Cheng Feng , Volker Tresp

Time series modeling is crucial for many applications, however, it faces challenges such as complex spatio-temporal dependencies and distribution shifts in learning from historical context to predict task-specific outcomes. To address these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Chidaksh Ravuru , Sagar Srinivas Sakhinana , Venkataramana Runkana

Time series foundation models excel in zero-shot forecasting, handling diverse tasks without explicit training. However, the advancement of these models has been hindered by the lack of comprehensive benchmarks. To address this gap, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Taha Aksu , Gerald Woo , Juncheng Liu , Xu Liu , Chenghao Liu , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Doyen Sahoo

Effective resource allocation in higher education depends on reliable enrolment forecasts, yet institutional planners frequently face data series disrupted by structural shifts. This paper investigates whether zero-shot Time Series…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jittarin Jetwiriyanon , Teo Susnjak , Surangika Ranathunga

Electricity market prices exhibit extreme volatility, nonlinearity, and non-stationarity, making accurate forecasting a significant challenge. While cutting-edge time series foundation models (TSFMs) effectively capture temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yunzhong Qiu , Binzhu Li , Hao Wei , Shenglin Weng , Chen Wang , Zhongyi Pei , Mingsheng Long , Jianmin Wang

While RAG has greatly enhanced LLMs, extending this paradigm to Time-Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) remains a challenge. This is exemplified in the Predictive Maintenance of the Pressure Regulating and Shut-Off Valve (PRSOV), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Kenny Ye Liang , Zhongyi Pei , Huan Zhang , Yuhui Liu , Shaoxu Song , Jianmin Wang

We introduce deep switching auto-regressive factorization (DSARF), a deep generative model for spatio-temporal data with the capability to unravel recurring patterns in the data and perform robust short- and long-term predictions. Similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Amirreza Farnoosh , Bahar Azari , Sarah Ostadabbas

Over the past years, foundation models have caused a paradigm shift in machine learning due to their unprecedented capabilities for zero-shot and few-shot generalization. However, despite the success of foundation models in modalities such…

Forecasting agricultural markets remains challenging due to nonlinear dynamics, structural breaks, and sparse data. A long-standing belief holds that simple time-series methods outperform more advanced alternatives. This paper provides the…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-21 Le Wang , Boyuan Zhang

Real-world time-series datasets often violate the assumptions of standard supervised learning for forecasting -- their distributions evolve over time, rendering the conventional training and model selection procedures suboptimal. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Sercan O. Arik , Nathanael C. Yoder , Tomas Pfister

Data augmentation (DA) has become a de facto solution to expand training data size for deep learning. With the proliferation of deep models for time series analysis, various time series DA techniques are proposed in the literature, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Muxi Chen , Zhijian Xu , Ailing Zeng , Qiang Xu

Accurate forecasting of electric load and renewable generation is essential for reliable and cost effective power system operations. Recent advances in transformer based and foundation machine learning models, driven by large scale…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) have shown promising zero-shot generalization across diverse forecasting tasks. However, their robustness to continual adaptation remains underexplored. In this work, we investigate the extent to which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Nouha Karaouli , Denis Coquenet , Elisa Fromont , Martial Mermillod , Marina Reyboz

Time series forecasting has played a pivotal role across various industries, including finance, transportation, energy, healthcare, and climate. Due to the abundant seasonal information they contain, timestamps possess the potential to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Chengsen Wang , Qi Qi , Jingyu Wang , Haifeng Sun , Zirui Zhuang , Jinming Wu , Jianxin Liao

Time series forecasting (TSF) has long been a crucial task in both industry and daily life. Most classical statistical models may have certain limitations when applied to practical scenarios in fields such as energy, healthcare, traffic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Xiangjie Kong , Zhenghao Chen , Weiyao Liu , Kaili Ning , Lechao Zhang , Syauqie Muhammad Marier , Yichen Liu , Yuhao Chen , Feng Xia

Advances in time-series forecasting are driving a shift from conventional machine learning models to foundation models (FMs) that are trained with generalized knowledge. However, existing FMs still perform poorly in the energy fields, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Rui Liang , Yang Deng , Donghua Xie , Fang He , Dan Wang