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Satellite networks provide communication services to global users with an uneven geographical distribution. In densely populated regions, Inter-satellite links (ISLs) often experience congestion, blocking traffic from other links and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Hao Wu

Relying on the powerful communication capabilities and rapidly changing geometric configuration, the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites have the potential to offer integrated communication and navigation (ICAN) services. However, the isolated…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Jiajing Li , Binghong Liu , Mugen Peng

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites have promoted the application of large remote sensing foundation models for various downstream tasks. However, direct downloading of these models for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yan Zhu , Jingyang Zhu , Ting Wang , Yuanming Shi , Chunxiao Jiang , Khaled Ben Letaief

We investigate key aspects of coherent optical communications on inter-satellite links (ISLs) for the next-generation ultra-dense low-Earth orbit (LEO) constellations. Initially, the suitability of QPSK, 8-QAM, and 16-QAM modulation formats…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-06 I. P. Vieira , T. C. Pita , D. A. A. Mello

Cross-silo Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple institutions to collaboratively train machine learning models while preserving data privacy. In such settings, clients repeatedly exchange model weights with a central server, making the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Osama Abu Hamdan , Hao Che , Engin Arslan , Md Arifuzzaman

This paper presents a star-of-star topology for internet-of-things (IoT) networks using mega low-Earth-orbit constellations. The proposed topology enables IoT users to broadcast their sensed data to multiple satellites simultaneously over a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Ayush Kumar Dwivedi , Sachin Chaudhari , Neeraj Varshney , Pramod K. Varshney

The use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in the next generation (Next-G) communication systems has been gaining traction over the last few years due to their potential for providing global connectivity with low latency. Since they are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Sambrama , Venkata Srirama Rohit Kantheti , Liang C Chu , Erik Blasch , Shih-Chun Lin

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) increasingly rely on non-geostationary (NGSO) constellations that combine radio frequency (RF) feeder links (FLs) with free space optical (FSO) inter-satellite links (ISLs). Downlink performance in such…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Abid Afridi , Alexis A. Dowhuszko , Jevgenij Krivochiza , Risto Wichman , Jyri Hämäläinen

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have seen a surge in deployment over the past few years by virtue of their ability to provide broadband Internet access as well as to collect vast amounts of Earth observational data that can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo

This paper presents \textbf{BlockFLEX}, an adaptive and survivable architecture with a hierarchical routing scheme for Low Earth Orbit satellite networks, designed to address dynamic topology changes and severe link failures. By organizing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Xiangtong Wang

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are increasingly essential for space-based artificial intelligence (AI) applications. However, as commercial use expands, LEO satellite networks face heightened cyberattack risks, especially through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Wenbo Wu , Cheng Tan , Kangcheng Yang , Zhishu Shen , Qiushi Zheng , Jiong Jin

Multi-layer ultra-dense satellite networks (MLUDSNs) have soared this meteoric to provide vast throughputd for globally diverse services. Differing from traditional monolayer constellations, MLUDSNs emphasize the spatial integration among…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Qi Hao , Di Zhou , Min Sheng , Yan Shi , Jiandong Li

Mega-constellations of small satellites have evolved into a source of massive amount of valuable data. To manage this data efficiently, on-board federated learning (FL) enables satellites to train a machine learning (ML) model…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Nasrin Razmi , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

Distributed massive multiple-input multiple output (mMIMO) system for low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks is introduced as a promising technique to provide broadband connectivity. Nevertheless, several challenges persist in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Khaled Humadi , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Halim Yanikomeroglu

In this paper, we propose a terrestrial-satellite network (TSN) architecture to integrate the ultra-dense low earth orbit (LEO) networks and the terrestrial networks to achieve efficient data offloading. In TSN, each ground user can access…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Boya Di , Hongliang Zhang , Lingyang Song , Yonghui Li , Geoffrey Ye Li

Operators of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) non-geostationary satellite networks, also known as mega-constellations, are required by current regulations to share all available satellite spectrum. This paper proposes a consensus mechanism to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Arman Mollakhani , Dongning Guo

Resilient routing in large-scale Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks remains a key challenge due to frequent and unpredictable link and node failures, potentially in response to cybersecurity breaches. While prior work has explored…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Lyubomir Yanev , Pietro Ronchetti , Joshua Smailes , Martin Strohmeier

The low earth orbit (LEO) satellite network is undergoing rapid development with the maturing of satellite communications and rocket launch technologies, and the demand for a global coverage network. However, current satellite communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Zhuoao Xu , Gaojie Chen , Ryan Fernandez , Yue Gao , Rahim Tafazolli

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are evolving from communication relays into autonomous platforms operating in increasingly congested and contested environments. Since uplinks to ground stations can be severed or jammed,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tianyi Sun , Shuo Liu , Minghui Xu , Xiuzhen Cheng

The modern Internet supports diverse applications with heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) requirements. Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations offer a promising solution to meet these needs, enhancing coverage in rural areas and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Dhiraj Bhattacharjee , Pablo G. Madoery , Abhishek Naik , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Stephane Martel , Khaled Ahmed