This paper presents \textbf{BlockFLEX}, an adaptive and survivable architecture with a hierarchical routing scheme for Low Earth Orbit satellite networks, designed to address dynamic topology changes and severe link failures. By organizing satellites into autonomous blocks, BlockFLEX establishes a survivable underlay network that masks network volatility and offers a stable overlay view. The architecture employs a hierarchical routing scheme integrating both convergence-free geographic routing and convergence-isolated routing. Furthermore, BlockFLEX adaptively switches between stateful and stateless forwarding modes, enabling efficient, resilient, and stable routing via a dedicated protection mechanism and an optimized source satellite selection algorithm. Experimental evaluations on current operational LEO satellite networks (LSNs) demonstrate that under scenarios with up to 30\% random link failures, the proposed method achieves a 2× improvement in reachability compared to current leading schemes, while maintaining near-100\% routing availability. Moreover, the overhead of control messages and forwarding information base (FIB) updates remains below 0.2% of that in OSPF, accompanied by a ≥36% reduction in routing computation time and a ≥50% decrease in latency jitter.
@article{arxiv.2512.09453,
title = {BlockFLEX: An Adaptive and Survivable Architecture with Hierarchical Routing for LEO Satellite Networks},
author = {Xiangtong Wang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.09453},
year = {2025}
}