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Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computations to be performed directly on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it first. This "encryption-in-use" feature is crucial for securely outsourcing computations in privacy-sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Muhammad Husni Santriaji , Jiaqi Xue , Qian Lou , Yan Solihin

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computations directly on encrypted data, offering strong cryptographic guarantees for secure and privacy-preserving data storage and query execution. However, despite its theoretical power, practical…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Boram Jung , Yuliang Li , Hung-Wei Tseng

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables computation on encrypted data without decryption, making it central to privacy-preserving applications. However, no existing scheme efficiently supports both arithmetic and comparison operations in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Erwin Eko Wahyudi , Yan Solihin , Qian Lou

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is seeing increasing real-world deployment to protect data in use by allowing computation over encrypted data. However, the same malleability that enables homomorphic computations also raises integrity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Alexander Viand , Christian Knabenhans , Anwar Hithnawi

The demand for processing vast volumes of data has surged dramatically due to the advancement of machine learning technology. Large-scale data processing necessitates substantial computational resources, prompting individuals and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Xirong Ma , Chuan Li , Yuchang Hu , Yunting Tao , Yali Jiang , Yanbin Li , Fanyu Kong , Chunpeng Ge

The dramatic increase of data breaches in modern computing platforms has emphasized that access control is not sufficient to protect sensitive user data. Recent advances in cryptography allow end-to-end processing of encrypted data without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Eduardo Chielle , Oleg Mazonka , Homer Gamil , Michail Maniatakos

Since the first theoretically feasible full homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme was proposed in 2009, great progress has been achieved. These improvements have made FHE schemes come off the paper and become quite useful in solving some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yuqi Guo , Lin Li , Zhongxiang Zheng , Hanrui Yun , Ruoyan Zhang , Xiaolin Chang , Zhixuan Gao

The rapid growth of cloud computing and data-driven applications has amplified privacy concerns, driven by the increasing demand to process sensitive data securely. Homomorphic encryption (HE) has become a vital solution for addressing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Faneela , Jawad Ahmad , Baraq Ghaleb , Sana Ullah Jan , William J. Buchanan

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a relatively recent advancement in the field of privacy-preserving technologies. FHE allows for the arbitrary depth computation of both addition and multiplication, and thus the application of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-29 George Onoufriou , Paul Mayfield , Georgios Leontidis

New cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption (HE) allow computations to be outsourced to and evaluated blindfolded in a resourceful cloud. These computations often require private data owned by multiple participants, engaging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Asma Aloufi , Peizhao Hu , Yongsoo Song , Kristin Lauter

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) refers to a set of encryption schemes that allow computations to be applied directly on encrypted data without requiring a secret key. This enables novel application scenarios where a client can safely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Roshan Dathathri , Olli Saarikivi , Hao Chen , Kim Laine , Kristin Lauter , Saeed Maleki , Madanlal Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a technique that enables statistical processing and machine learning while protecting data, including sensitive information collected by single board computers (SBCs), on a cloud server. Among FHE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Marin Matsumoto , Ai Nozaki , Hideki Takase , Masato Oguchi

Federated learning (FL) has come forward as a critical approach for privacy-preserving machine learning in healthcare, allowing collaborative model training across decentralized medical datasets without exchanging clients' data. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Abdulkadir Korkmaz , Praveen Rao

With the ubiquitous deployment of web services, ensuring data confidentiality has become a challenging imperative. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) presents a powerful solution for processing encrypted data; however, its widespread…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Baigang Chen , Dongfang Zhao

The migration of computation to the cloud has raised concerns regarding the security and privacy of sensitive data, as their need to be decrypted before processing, renders them susceptible to potential breaches. Fully Homomorphic…

Fully homomorphic encryption allows the evaluation of arbitrary functions on encrypted data. It can be leveraged to secure outsourced and multiparty computation. TFHE is a fast torus-based fully homomorphic encryption scheme that allows…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Valentin Reyes Häusler , Gabriel Ott , Aruna Jayasena , Andreas Peter

Federated learning is a method used in machine learning to allow multiple devices to work together on a model without sharing their private data. Each participant keeps their private data on their system and trains a local model and only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Feiran Yang

Homomorphic encryption enables computations on encrypted data without accessing private keys, enhancing security in cloud environments. Without this technology, updates need to be performed on-premises or require transmitting private keys…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Sefik Ilkin Serengil , Alper Ozpinar

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic method that guarantees the privacy and security of user data during computation. FHE algorithms can perform unlimited arithmetic computations directly on encrypted data without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Charles Gouert , Vinu Joseph , Steven Dalton , Cedric Augonnet , Michael Garland , Nektarios Georgios Tsoutsos

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is one of the most promising post-quantum cryptographic schemes that enable privacy-preserving computation on servers. However, noise accumulates as we perform operations on HE-encrypted data, restricting the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Jongmin Kim , Gwangho Lee , Sangpyo Kim , Gina Sohn , John Kim , Minsoo Rhu , Jung Ho Ahn