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In this paper, we present a Hoare-style logic for reasoning about quantum programs with classical variables. Our approach offers several improvements over previous work: (1) Enhanced expressivity of the programming language: Our logic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingsheng Ying

Most modern (classical) programming languages support recursion. Recursion has also been successfully applied to the design of several quantum algorithms and introduced in a couple of quantum programming languages. So, it can be expected…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Zhaowei Xu , Mingsheng Ying , Shenggang Ying

In support of the growing interest in quantum computing experimentation, programmers need new tools to write quantum algorithms as program code. Compared to debugging classical programs, debugging quantum programs is difficult because…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Yipeng Huang , Margaret Martonosi

Verifying the functional correctness of programs with both classical and quantum constructs is a challenging task. The presence of probabilistic behaviour entailed by quantum measurements and unbounded while loops complicate the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Huiling Wu , Yuxin Deng , Ming Xu

Basic concepts of quantum theory of information, principles of quantum calculations and the possibility of creation on this basis unique on calculation power and functioning principle device, named quantum computer, are briefly reviewed.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-10 Steven Duplij , Illia Shapoval

Hoare logic provides a syntax-oriented method to reason about program correctness and has been proven effective in the verification of classical and probabilistic programs. Existing proposals for quantum Hoare logic either lack completeness…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Yuan Feng , Mingsheng Ying

Most modern (classical) programming languages support recursion. Recursion has also been successfully applied to the design of several quantum algorithms and introduced in a couple of quantum programming languages. So, it can be expected…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Zhaowei Xu , Mingsheng Ying , Benoît Valiron

In this research notebook in the four-part, quantum computation and applications, quantum computation and algorithms, quantum communication protocol, and universal quantum computation for quantum engineers, researchers, and scientists, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-07 Bhupesh Bishnoi

We define syntax and semantics of quantum circuits, allowing measurement gates and classical channels. We define circuit-based quantum algorithms and prove that, semantically, any such algorithm is equivalent to a single measurement that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Yuri Gurevich , Andreas Blass

We investigate quantum effects in the evolution of general systems. For studying such temporal quantum phenomena, it is paramount to have a rigorous concept and profound understanding of the classical dynamics in such a system in the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-02 J. Sperling , I. A. Walmsley

Precise rules are developed in order to formalize the reasoning processes involved in standard non-relativistic quantum mechanics, with the help of analogies from classical physics. A classical or quantum description of a mechanical system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert B. Griffiths

The subject of this work is quantum predicative programming -- the study of developing of programs intended for execution on a quantum computer. We look at programming in the context of formal methods of program development, or programming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-19 Anya Tafliovich , E. C. R. Hehner

Hoare logic is a foundation of axiomatic semantics of classical programs and it provides effective proof techniques for reasoning about correctness of classical programs. To offer similar techniques for quantum program verification and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-26 Mingsheng Ying

Although classical computing has excelled in a wide range of applications, there remain problems that push the limits of its capabilities, especially in fields like cryptography, optimization, and materials science. Quantum computing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Neilson Carlos Leite Ramalho , Erico Augusto da Silva , Higor Amario de Souza , Marcos Lordello Chaim

The point of building a quantum computer is that it allows to model living things with predictive power and gives the opportunity to control life. Its scaling means not just the improvement of the instrument part, but also, mainly,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-22 Yuri I. Ozhigov

In classical theory, the physical systems are elucidated through the concepts of particles and waves, which aim to describe the reality of the physical system with certainty. In this framework, particles are mathematically represented by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 Mohammad Vahid Takook , Ali Mohammad-Djafari

We initiate the study of parallel quantum programming by defining the operational and denotational semantics of parallel quantum programs. The technical contributions of this paper include: (1) find a series of useful proof rules for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Mingsheng Ying , Li Zhou , Yangjia Li

We attempt to contribute some novel points of view to the "foundations of quantum mechanics", using mathematical tools from "quantum probability theory" (such as the theory of operator algebras). We first introduce an abstract algebraic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-08 J. Fröhlich , B. Schubnel

This paper summarises the results obtained by the author and his collaborators in a program logic approach to the verification of quantum programs, including quantum Hoare logic, invariant generation and termination analysis for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Mingsheng Ying

The two main notions of control in quantum programming languages are often referred to as "quantum" control and "classical" control. With the latter, the control flow is based on classical information, potentially resulting from a quantum…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Kinnari Dave , Louis Lemonnier , Romain Péchoux , Vladimir Zamdzhiev
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