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Direct detection of gravitational waves by pulsar timing arrays will become feasible over the next few years. In the low frequency regime ($10^{-7}$ Hz -- $10^{-9}$ Hz), we expect that a superposition of gravitational waves from many…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Justin Ellis , Xavier Siemens , Rutger van Haasteren

Gravitational Waves (GW) sourced by second-order primordial curvature fluctuations are among the favored models fitting the recent pulsar timing array (PTA) measurement of a stochastic GW background (SGWB). We study how spectral distortions…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-31 Matteo Tagliazucchi , Matteo Braglia , Fabio Finelli , Mauro Pieroni

The recent astronomical milestone by the pulsar timing arrays (PTA) has revealed galactic-size gravitational waves (GW) in the form of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), correlating the radio pulses emitted by millisecond…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-08 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations recently reported evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave background (GWB) in their datasets. The main candidate that is expected to produce such a GWB is the population of supermassive…

In the last decade, the use of an ensemble of radio pulsars to constrain the characteristic strain caused by a stochastic gravitational wave background has advanced the cause of detection of very low frequency gravitational waves…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-25 Bhal Chandra Joshi

As pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) transition into the detection era of the stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), it is important for PTA collaborations to review and possibly revise their observing campaigns. The detection of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-18 Jeremy G. Baier , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Joseph D. Romano

The observations from pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), led by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), have provided opportunities to constrain primordial gravitational waves at low frequencies. In this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Lu Yin

The recent detection of a stochastic signal in the NANOGrav 15-year data set has aroused great interest in uncovering its origin. However, the evidence for the Hellings-Downs correlations, a key signature of the gravitational-wave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-07 Zu-Cheng Chen , Yu-Mei Wu , Yan-Chen Bi , Qing-Guo Huang

The detection of gravitational waves from extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) in space-borne antennas like Taiji and LISA promises deep insights into strong-field gravity and black hole physics. However, the complex, highly degenerate, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-27 Bo Liang , Chang Liu , Hanlin Song , Zhenwei Lyu , Minghui Du , Peng Xu , Ziren Luo , Sensen He , Haohao Gu , Tianyu Zhao , Manjia Liang Yuxiang Xu , Li-e Qiang , Mingming Sun , Wei-Liang Qian

We present the results of a search for continuous gravitational wave signals (CGWs) in the second data release (DR2) of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) collaboration. The most significant candidate event from this search has a…

The degree of Gaussianity of a field offers insights into its cosmological nature, and its statistical properties serve as indicators of its Gaussianity. In this work, we examine the signatures of Gaussianity in a gravitational wave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-10 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Stephen Appleby , Kin-Wang Ng

Pulsar timing is a technique that uses the highly stable spin periods of neutron stars to investigate a wide range of topics in physics and astrophysics. Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) use sets of extremely well-timed pulsars as a Galaxy-scale…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-05 J. P. W. Verbiest , S. Oslowski , S. Burke-Spolaor

After large galaxies merge, their central supermassive black holes are expected to form binary systems whose orbital motion generates a gravitational wave background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies. Searches for this background utilize…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-12 M. Ajello , W. B. Atwood , L. Baldini , J. Ballet , G. Barbiellini , D. Bastieri , R. Bellazzini , A. Berretta , B. Bhattacharyya , E. Bissaldi , R. D. Blandford , E. Bloom , R. Bonino , P. Bruel , R. Buehler , E. Burns , S. Buson , R. A. Cameron , P. A. Caraveo , E. Cavazzuti , N. Cibrario , S. Ciprini , C. J. Clark , I. Cognard , J. Coronado-Blázquez , M. Crnogorcevic , H. Cromartie , K. Crowter , S. Cutini , F. D'Ammando , S. D. Gaetano , F. d. Palma , S. W. Digel , N. D. Lalla , F. Fan. Dirirsa , L. D. Venere , A. Domínguez , E. C. Ferrara , A. Fiori , A. Franckowiak , Y. Fukazawa , S. Funk , P. Fusco , V. Gammaldi , F. Gargano , D. Gasparrini , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , M. Giroletti , D. Green , I. A. Grenier , L. Guillemot , S. Guiriec , M. Gustafsson , A. K. Harding , E. Hays , J. W. Hewitt , D. Horan , X. Hou , G. Jóhannesson , M. J. Keith , M. Kerr , M. Kramer , M. Kuss , S. Larsson , L. Latronico , J. Li , F. Longo , F. Loparco , M. N. Lovellette , P. Lubrano , S. Maldera , A. Manfreda , G. Martí-Devesa , M. N. Mazziotta , I. Mereu , P. F. Michelson , N. Mirabal , W. Mitthumsiri , T. Mizuno , M. E. Monzani , A. Morselli , M. Negro , L. Nieder , R. Ojha , N. Omodei , M. Orienti , E. Orlando , J. F. Ormes , D. Paneque , A. Parthasarathy , Z. Pei , M. Persic , M. Pesce-Rollins , R. Pillera , H. Poon , T. A. Porter , G. Principe , J. L. Racusin , S. Rainò , R. Rando , B. Rani , S. M. Ransom , P. S. Ray , M. Razzano , S. Razzaque , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , J. Roy , M. Sánchez-Conde , P. M. Sa. Parkinson , J. Scargle , L. Scotton , D. Serini , C. Sgrò , E. J. Siskind , D. A. Smith , G. Spandre , R. Spiewak , P. Spinelli , I. Stairs , D. J. Suson , S. J. Swihart , S. Tabassum , J. B. Thayer , G. Theureau , D. F. Torres , E. Troja , J. Valverde , Z. Wadiasingh , K. Wood , G. Zaharijas

Pulsar timing, i.e. the analysis of the arrival times of pulses from a pulsar, is a powerful tool in modern astrophysics. It allows us to measure the time delays of an electromagnetic signal caused by a number of physical processes as the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-04 Konstantin A. Postnov , Nataliya K. Porayko , Maxim S. Pshirkov

Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are a potential source for ground-based gravitational wave detectors, as their predicted emission peaks in the detectors' frequency band. Typical searches for gravitational wave bursts reconstruct signals…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-26 Sofia Suvorova , Jade Powell , Andrew Melatos

Recently, several regional pulsar timing array collaborations, including CPTA, EPTA, PPTA, and NANOGrav, have individually reported compelling evidence for a stochastic signal at nanohertz frequencies. This signal originates potentially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-13 Zu-Cheng Chen , Jun Li , Lang Liu , Zhu Yi

An isotropic stochastic background of nanohertz gravitational waves creates excess residual power in pulsar-timing-array datasets, with characteristic inter-pulsar correlations described by the Hellings-Downs function. These correlations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-25 Sophie Hourihane , Patrick Meyers , Aaron Johnson , Katerina Chatziioannou , Michele Vallisneri

Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy is witnessing a transformative shift from terrestrial to space-based detection, with missions like Taiji at the forefront. While the transition brings unprecedented opportunities for exploring massive black…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-21 Minghui Du , Bo Liang , He Wang , Peng Xu , Ziren Luo , Yueliang Wu

Gravitational waves are predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity as well as other theories of gravity. The rotational stability of the fastest pulsars means that timing of an array of these objects can be used to detect and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 J. Ellis , M. A. McLaughlin , J. P. W. Verbiest