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Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are expected to be able to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from individual supermassive black hole binaries in the near future. In order to identify the host galaxy of a gravitational wave source, the angular…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-20 Ryo Kato , Keitaro Takahashi

Recently, the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) claimed the detection of a stochastic common-spectrum process of the pulsar timing array (PTA) time residuals from their 12.5 year data, which might be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-15 Guillem Domènech , Shi Pi

In Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) data analysis, noise is typically assumed to be Gaussian, and the marginalized likelihood has a well-established analytical form derived within the framework of Gaussian processes. However, this Gaussianity…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-30 Mikel Falxa , Alberto Sesana

The pattern of neutrino flavor oscillations could be altered by the influence of noisy perturbations such as those arising from a gravitational wave background (GWB). A stochastic process that is consistent with a GWB has been recently…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-17 Gaetano Lambiase , Leonardo Mastrototaro , Luca Visinelli

The detection of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) is essential for understanding black hole populations, especially for supermassive black hole binaries. The recent promising results from various Pulsar Timing Array (PTA)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-14 Yijun Wang , Kris Pardo , Tzu-Ching Chang , Olivier Doré

We perform the first search for an isotropic non-tensorial gravitational-wave background (GWB) allowed in general metric theories of gravity in the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) 12.5-year data set.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-28 Zu-Cheng Chen , Chen Yuan , Qing-Guo Huang

We consider the sensitivity of the pulsar timing array (PTA) technique to specific kind of narrow-band stochastic signals in nano-Hz frequency range. Specifically, we examine the narrow-band signal produced by oscillating gravitational…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-04 Konstantin A. Postnov , Nataliya K. Porayko

The goal of the MeerKAT radio telescope's pulsar timing array programme (MPTA) is the detection of gravitational waves (GWs) of nanohertz frequencies. Evidence for such a signal was recently announced by the MPTA and several other pulsar…

Recent pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments have reported strong evidence of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). If interpreted as primordial gravitational waves (GWs), the signal favors a strongly blue-tilted spectrum.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-14 Mian Zhu , Gen Ye , Yong Cai

Pulsar timing array collaborations have recently reported evidence for a noise process with a common spectrum among the millisecond pulsars in the arrays. The spectral properties of this common-noise process are consistent with expectations…

The recent detection of gravitational waves (GWs) by pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations spurred a variety of questions regarding the origin of the signal and the properties of its sources. The amplitude of a GW background produced by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-26 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Matias Zaldarriaga

Following the recent evidence for a gravitational wave (GW) background found by pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments, the next major science milestone is resolving individual supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). The detection of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Polina Petrov , Levi Schult , Stephen R. Taylor , Nihan Pol , Nima Laal , Maria Charisi , Chung-Pei Ma

The astrophysical stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) originates from numerous faint sub-threshold gravitational wave (GW) signals arising from the coalescing binary compact objects. This background is expected to be discovered…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-05 Ramit Dey , Luís Felipe Longo Micchi , Suvodip Mukherjee , Niayesh Afshordi

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) have reported evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background at nHz frequencies, possibly originating in the early Universe. We show that the spectral shape of the low-frequency (causality) tail of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-25 Gabriele Franciolini , Davide Racco , Fabrizio Rompineve

Pulse profile stability in millisecond pulsars (MSPs) is a key factor in achieving high-precision timing essential for detecting nanohertz gravitational waves with Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). In this work, we present a systematic analysis…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-17 Ankita Ghosh , Bhaswati Bhattacharyya , Rahul Sharan , Patrick Weltevrede , Jayanta Roy , Sangita Kumari

One of the primary gravitational wave (GW) sources for pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) is the stochastic background formed by supermassive black holes binaries (SMBHBs). In this paper, we investigate how the environments of SMBHBs will effect…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-14 Sarah J. Vigeland , Xavier Siemens

Incredible progress on the theoretical uncertainty of the spatial correlations of the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background were recently made. However, it remains to realize the impact of this theoretical uncertainty on PTA cross…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-16 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) consists of an incoherent collection of waves from both astrophysical and cosmological sources. To distinguish the SGWB from noise, it is essential to verify its quadrupolar nature,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-22 Yifan Chen , Yuxiang Liu , Jing Shu , Bin Xu , Xiao Xue , Yanjie Zeng

As we move into an era of more sensitive pulsar timing array data sets, we may be able to resolve individual gravitational wave sources from the stochastic gravitational wave background. While some of these sources, like orbiting massive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-02 Jacob A. Taylor , Rand Burnette , Bence Bécsy , Neil J. Cornish

The use of a high precision pulsar timing array is a promising approach to detecting gravitational waves in the very low frequency regime ($10^{-6} -10^{-9}$ Hz) that is complementary to the ground-based efforts (e.g., LIGO, Virgo) at high…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty , Fredrick A. Jenet
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