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We propose a new class of linear Transformers called FourierLearner-Transformers (FLTs), which incorporate a wide range of relative positional encoding mechanisms (RPEs). These include regular RPE techniques applied for sequential data, as…

Positional embeddings (PE) play a crucial role in Vision Transformers (ViTs) by providing spatial information otherwise lost due to the permutation invariant nature of self attention. While absolute positional embeddings (APE) have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Md Abtahi Majeed Chowdhury , Md Rifat Ur Rahman , Akil Ahmad Taki

Sequential recommendation models have been widely adopted for modeling user behavior. Existing approaches typically construct user interaction sequences by sorting items according to timestamps and then model user preferences from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Haolin Zhang , Longtao Xiao , Guohao Cai , Ruixuan Li , Xiu Li

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is the de facto positional encoding in large language models due to its ability to encode relative positions and support length extrapolation. When adapted to vision transformers, the standard axial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haoyu Liu , Sucheng Ren , Tingyu Zhu , Peng Wang , Cihang Xie , Alan Yuille , Zeyu Zheng , Feng Wang

Transformer architectures have led to remarkable progress in many state-of-art applications. However, despite their successes, modern transformers rely on the self-attention mechanism, whose time- and space-complexity is quadratic in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Feyza Duman Keles , Pruthuvi Mahesakya Wijewardena , Chinmay Hegde

We present a new class of efficient attention mechanisms applying universal 3D Relative Positional Encoding (RPE) methods given by arbitrary integrable modulation functions $f$. They lead to the new class of 3D-Transformer models, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Byeongchan Kim , Arijit Sehanobish , Avinava Dubey , Min-hwan Oh , Krzysztof Choromanski

Relative positional encodings determine which functions of query-key lag can enter the primitive attention logit. RoPE supplies a rotary phase, while ALiBi supplies an additive distance bias. Motivated by group-theoretic views of linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yaobo Zhang

Modern neural language models achieve high accuracy in text generation, yet precise control over generation length remains underdeveloped. In this paper, we first investigate a recent length control method based on Reverse Positional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ivanhoé Botcazou , Tassadit Amghar , Sylvain Lamprier , Frédéric Saubion

Transformer language models encode the notion of word order using positional information. Most commonly, this positional information is represented by absolute position embeddings (APEs), that are learned from the pretraining data. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Koustuv Sinha , Amirhossein Kazemnejad , Siva Reddy , Joelle Pineau , Dieuwke Hupkes , Adina Williams

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE)-extension refers to modifying or generalizing the Rotary Position Embedding scheme to handle longer sequences than those encountered during pre-training. However, current extension strategies are highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Qingyuan Tian , Wenhong Zhu , Xiaoran Liu , Xiaofeng Wang , Rui Wang

Relative position embedding has become a standard mechanism for encoding positional information in Transformers. However, existing formulations are typically limited to a fixed geometric space, namely 1D sequences or regular 2D/3D grids,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yichen Xie , Depu Meng , Chensheng Peng , Yihan Hu , Quentin Herau , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

When training transformers on graph-structured data, incorporating information about the underlying topology is crucial for good performance. Topological masking, a type of relative position encoding, achieves this by upweighting or…

Transformers have emerged as the architecture of choice for many state-of-the-art AI models, showcasing exceptional performance across a wide range of AI applications. However, the memory demands imposed by Transformers limit their ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Hao Liu , Matei Zaharia , Pieter Abbeel

Attention mechanisms have been extensively employed in various applications, including time series modeling, owing to their capacity to capture intricate dependencies; however, their utility is often constrained by quadratic computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Mingtao Zhang , Guoli Yang , Zhanxing Zhu , Mengzhu Wang , Xiaoying Bai

Multimodal position encoding is essential for vision-language models, yet there has been little systematic investigation into multimodal position encoding. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of multimodal Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jie Huang , Xuejing Liu , Sibo Song , Ruibing Hou , Hong Chang , Junyang Lin , Shuai Bai

The attention mechanism is the computational core of modern Transformer architectures, but its quadratic complexity in the input sequence length is the bottleneck for large-scale inference. This has motivated a rapidly growing body of work…

Auto-regressive neural sequence models have been shown to be effective across text generation tasks. However, their left-to-right decoding order prevents generation from being parallelized. Insertion Transformer (Stern et al., 2019) is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Zhisong Zhang , Yizhe Zhang , Bill Dolan

In transformer architectures, position encoding primarily provides a sense of sequence for input tokens. While the original transformer paper's method has shown satisfactory results in general language processing tasks, there have been new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Eren Unlu

Transformer architectures rely on explicit position encodings in order to preserve a notion of word order. In this paper, we argue that existing work does not fully utilize position information. For example, the initial proposal of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Zhiheng Huang , Davis Liang , Peng Xu , Bing Xiang

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) have revolutionized high-fidelity video generation, yet their $\mathcal{O}(L^2)$ attention complexity poses a formidable bottleneck for long-sequence synthesis. While recent sparse-linear attention hybrids aim…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yuxi Liu , Zekun Zhang , Yixiang Cai , Renjia Deng , Yutong He , Kun Yuan