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Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) has emerged as a potential protocol for long distance secure communication, overcoming the rate-distance limitations of conventional quantum key distribution without requiring trusted repeaters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Syed M. Arslan , Syed Shahmir , Noureldin Mohammad , Saif Al-Kuwari , Muataz Alhussein

We investigate entanglement-based quantum key distribution protocols, with particular emphasis on their efficiency under realistic conditions of satellite quantum communications, where performance is limited by the low power of a received…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Vera Uzunova , Marcin Jarzyna

Quantum key distribution(QKD) is one of the most significant areas in quantum information theory. For nearly four decades, substantial QKD schemes are developed. In early years, the security of QKD protocols is depend on switching different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-12 Hao Shu

We report the first real world implementation of a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system over a 43dB-loss transmission line in the Swisscom fibre optic network. The QKD system is capable of continuous and autonomous operation and uses the…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables unconditionally secure communication guaranteed by the laws of physics. The last decades have seen tremendous efforts in making this technology feasible under real-life conditions, with implementations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Sebastian Philipp Neumann , Domenico Ribezzo , Martin Bohmann , Rupert Ursin

Here, we present a proof-of-principle high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol utilizing the position and momentum entanglement of photon pairs. The protocol exploits the fact that position and momentum form mutually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Lukas Scarfe , Yingwen Zhang , Ebrahim Karimi

A new scheme of quantum key distribution (QKD) using frequency and time coding is proposed, in which the security is based on the frequency-time uncertainty relation. In this scheme, the binary information sequence is encoded randomly on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Chang-hua Zhu , Chang-xing Pei , Dong-xiao Quan , Nan Chen , Yun-hui Yi

We present a detailed security analysis of a d-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol based on two and three mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) both in an asymptotic and finite key length scenario. The finite secret key rates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-21 Kamil Bradler , Mohammad Mirhosseini , Robert Fickler , Anne Broadbent , Robert Boyd

We report the first quantum key distribution (QKD) systems capable of delivering sustainable, real-time secure keys continuously at rates exceeding 10 Mb/s. To achieve such rates, we developed high speed post-processing modules, achieving…

Many papers proved the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) system, in the asymptotic framework. The degree of the security has not been discussed in the finite coding-length framework, sufficiently. However, to guarantee any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Masahito Hayashi

This paper proposes a new protocol for quantum dense key distribution. This protocol embeds the benefits of a quantum dense coding and a quantum key distribution and is able to generate shared secret keys four times more efficiently than…

All known qudit-based prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution (PM-QKD) schemes are more error resilient than their qubit-based counterparts. Their high error resiliency comes partly from the careful encoding of multiple bits of signals…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 H. F. Chau

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a promising technology aiming at solving the security problem arising from the advent of quantum computers. While the main theoretical aspects are well developed today, limited performances, in terms of…

We report the security analysis of time-coding quantum key distribution protocols. The protocols make use of coherent single-photon pulses. The key is encoded in the photon time-detection. The use of coherent superposition of states allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-29 Thierry Debuisschert , Simon Fossier

Quantum key distribution algorithms are considered secure because they leverage quantum phenomena to provide security. As such, eavesdroppers can be detected by analyzing the error rate in the shared key obtained by the parties performing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-12 Christopher Dunne

The quantum key distribution (QKD), guaranteed by the principle of quantum physics, is a promising solution for future secure information and communication technology. However, device imperfections compromise the security of real-life QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Ye Chen , Chunfeng Huang , Zihao Chen , Wenjie He , Chengxian Zhang , Shihai Sun , Kejin Wei

Quantumkey distribution (QKD) promises unconditional security for communication. However, the random choices of the measurement basis in QKD usually result in low key creation efficiency. This drawback is overcome in the…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, but practical implementations face security vulnerabilities due to device imperfections. Recent advances have separately addressed source and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Margarida Pereira , Shlok Nahar , Devashish Tupkary

Quantum key distribution (QKD) establishes secure links between remote communication parties. As a key problem for various QKD protocols, security analysis gives the amount of secure keys regardless of the eavesdropper's computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Hongyi Zhou , Toshihiko Sasaki , Masato Koashi

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) allows two parties to generate multiple secure bits of information per detected photon. In this work, we show that decoy state protocols can be practically implemented for HD-QKD using only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-02 Darius Bunandar , Zheshen Zhang , Jeffrey H. Shapiro , Dirk R. Englund