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Noise and errors are inevitable parts of any practical implementation of a quantum computer. As a result, large-scale quantum computation will require ways to detect and correct errors on quantum information. Here, we present such a quantum…

We study the performance of quantum error correction codes (QECCs) under the detection-induced coherent error due to the imperfectness of practical implementations of stabilizer measurements, after running a quantum circuit. Considering the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-25 Qinghong Yang , Dong E. Liu

Quantum error correction (QEC) enables fault-tolerant quantum computation but requires operating quantum hardware at physical error rates below code-dependent thresholds, which remains challenging for current devices. We introduce syndrome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Luis Colmenarez , Áron Márton , Markus Müller

Near-term quantum computers have been built as intermediate-scale quantum devices and are fragile against quantum noise effects, namely, NISQ devices. Traditional quantum-error-correcting codes are not implemented on such devices and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Yusuke Hama , Hirofumi Nishi

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. While superconducting qubits are among the most promising candidates for scalable QEC, their limited nearest-neighbor connectivity presents…

To well understand the behavior of quantum error correction codes (QECC) in noise processes, we need to obtain explicit coding maps for QECC. Due to extraordinary amount of computational labor that they entails, explicit coding maps are a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-04 Chaobin Liu

Quantum error correction protocols have been developed to offset the high sensitivity to noise inherent in quantum systems. However, much is still unknown about the behaviour of a quantum error-correcting code under general noise, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Stefanie J. Beale , Joel J. Wallman

Quantum error correction and the use of quantum error correction codes is likely to be essential for the realisation of practical quantum computing. Because the error models of quantum devices vary widely, quantum codes which are tailored…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-23 Mark Webster , Dan Browne

Quantum computers show promise to solve select problems otherwise intractable on classical computers. However, noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era devices are currently prone to various sources of error. Quantum error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Maxwell Poster , Sayam Sethi , Jonathan Baker

Fast, reliable logical operations are essential for realizing useful quantum computers. By redundantly encoding logical qubits into many physical qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect and correct errors, one can achieve low…

The performance of a given quantum error correction (QEC) code depends upon the noise model that is assumed. Independent Pauli noise, applied after each quantum operation, is a simplistic noise model that is easy to simulate and understand…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Wayne M. Witzel , Anand Ganti , Tzvetan S. Metodi

Large-scale quantum computers have the potential to hold computational capabilities beyond conventional computers for certain problems. However, the physical qubits within a quantum computer are prone to noise and decoherence, which must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-06 Luka Skoric , Dan E. Browne , Kenton M. Barnes , Neil I. Gillespie , Earl T. Campbell

Quantum computers have the possibility of a much reduced calculation load compared with classical computers in specific problems. Quantum error correction (QEC) is vital for handling qubits, which are vulnerable to external noise. In QEC,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hideo Mukai , Hoshitaro Ohnishi

We show how dynamical decoupling (DD) and quantum error correction (QEC) can be optimally combined in the setting of fault tolerant quantum computing. To this end we identify the optimal generator set of DD sequences designed to protect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-25 G. A. Paz-Silva , D. A. Lidar

Keeping single-qubit quantum coherence above some threshold value not far below unity is a prerequisite for fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC). We study the initial dephasing of solid-state qubits in the independent-boson model,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-01-11 Roland Doll , Peter Hanggi , Sigmund Kohler , Martijn Wubs

Leakage errors, in which a qubit is excited to a level outside the qubit subspace, represent a significant obstacle in the development of robust quantum computers. We present a computationally efficient simulation methodology for studying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Hidetaka Manabe , Yasunari Suzuki , Andrew S. Darmawan

To build a universal quantum computer from fragile physical qubits, effective implementation of quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential requirement and a central challenge. Existing demonstrations of QEC are based on a schedule of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-16 Jeffrey M. Gertler , Brian Baker , Juliang Li , Shruti Shirol , Jens Koch , Chen Wang

We introduce a new method for error-corrected quantum metrology where only partial quantum error correction (QEC) is needed to suppress local noise and maintain the probe states' super-standard-quantum-limit (super-SQL) sensing performance.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Yinan Chen , Zongyuan Wang , Sisi Zhou

When sending quantum information over a channel, we want to ensure that the message remains intact. Quantum error correction and quantum authentication both aim to protect (quantum) information, but approach this task from two very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-18 Yfke Dulek , Garazi Muguruza , Florian Speelman