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Software testing activities scrutinize the artifacts and the behavior of a software product to find possible defects and ensure that the product meets its expected requirements. Recently, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Paulina Stevia Nouwou Mindom , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh

We present elsciRL, an open-source Python library to facilitate the application of language solutions on reinforcement learning problems. We demonstrate the potential of our software by extending the Language Adapter with Self-Completing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Philip Osborne , Danilo S. Carvalho , André Freitas

Nowadays, web services play a major role in the development of enterprise applications. Many such applications are now developed using a service-oriented architecture (SOA), where microservices is one of its most popular kind. A RESTful web…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Andrea Arcuri

Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a naturalistic framing for learning through trial and error, which is appealing both because of its simplicity and effectiveness and because of its resemblance to how humans and animals acquire skills…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Archit Sharma , Kelvin Xu , Nikhil Sardana , Abhishek Gupta , Karol Hausman , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Context based API recommendation is an important way to help developers find the needed APIs effectively and efficiently. For effective API recommendation, we need not only a joint view of both structural and textual code information, but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Chi Chen , Xin Peng , Zhenchang Xing , Jun Sun , Xin Wang , Yifan Zhao , Wenyun Zhao

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents increasingly rely on APIs to operate complex web applications, but rapid evolution often leads to incomplete or inconsistent API documentation. Existing work falls into two categories: (1) static,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yanjing Yang , Chenxing Zhong , Ke Han , Zeru Cheng , Jinwei Xu , Xin Zhou , He Zhang , Bohan Liu

In a recent study, Reinforcement Learning (RL) used in combination with many-objective search, has been shown to outperform alternative techniques (random search and many-objective search) for online testing of Deep Neural Network-enabled…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Luca Giamattei , Matteo Biagiola , Roberto Pietrantuono , Stefano Russo , Paolo Tonella

There is a growing need for Large Language Models (LLMs) to effectively use tools and external Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to plan and complete tasks. As such, there is tremendous interest in methods that can acquire…

Deep neural networks coupled with fast simulation and improved computation have led to recent successes in the field of reinforcement learning (RL). However, most current RL-based approaches fail to generalize since: (a) the gap between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Lerrel Pinto , James Davidson , Rahul Sukthankar , Abhinav Gupta

Automatic API method recommendation is an essential task of code intelligence, which aims to suggest suitable APIs for programming queries. Existing approaches can be categorized into two primary groups: retrieval-based and learning-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yujia Chen , Cuiyun Gao , Muyijie Zhu , Qing Liao , Yong Wang , Guoai Xu

In recent years significant progress has been made in dealing with challenging problems using reinforcement learning.Despite its great success, reinforcement learning still faces challenge in continuous control tasks. Conventional methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Longxiang Shi , Shijian Li , Longbing Cao , Long Yang , Gang Zheng , Gang Pan

This paper introduces Adversarial Resilience Learning (ARL), a concept to model, train, and analyze artificial neural networks as representations of competitive agents in highly complex systems. In our examples, the agents normally take the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Lars Fischer , Jan-Menno Memmen , Eric MSP Veith , Martin Tröschel

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as an efficient approach to resource allocation due to its strong capability in handling complex decision-making tasks. However, only limited research has explored the training of DRL models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Aohan Li , Miyu Tsuzuki

In recent years, challenging control problems became solvable with deep reinforcement learning (RL). To be able to use RL for large-scale real-world applications, a certain degree of reliability in their performance is necessary. Reported…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Nirnai Rao , Elie Aljalbout , Axel Sauer , Sami Haddadin

This work proposes a control-informed reinforcement learning (CIRL) framework that integrates proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control components into the architecture of deep reinforcement learning (RL) policies. The proposed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-28 Maximilian Bloor , Akhil Ahmed , Niki Kotecha , Mehmet Mercangöz , Calvin Tsay , Ehecactl Antonio Del Rio Chanona

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to build autonomous agents that perform complex tasks with external tools, often exposed through APIs in enterprise systems. Direct use of these APIs is difficult due to the complex input…

Streaming applications are becoming widespread across an extensive range of business domains as an increasing number of sources continuously produce data that need to be processed and analysed in real time. Modern businesses are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Maria R. Read , Chinmaya Dehury , Satish Narayana Srirama , Rajkumar Buyya

Deep reinforcement learning has been successfully used in many dynamic decision making domains, especially those with very large state spaces. However, it is also well-known that deep reinforcement learning can be very slow and resource…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Haodi Zhang , Zihang Gao , Yi Zhou , Hao Zhang , Kaishun Wu , Fangzhen Lin

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms can suffer from modeling errors between the simulation and the real world. Many studies use adversarial learning to generate perturbation during training process to model the discrepancy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Qianmei Liu , Yufei Kuang , Jie Wang

Modern web applications make extensive use of API calls to update the UI state in response to user events or server-side changes. For such applications, API-level testing can play an important role, in-between unit-level testing and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Rahulkrishna Yandrapally , Saurabh Sinha , Rachel Tzoref-Brill , Ali Mesbah