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With the emergence of Machine Learning, there has been a surge in leveraging its capabilities for problem-solving across various domains. In the code clone realm, the identification of type-4 or semantic clones has emerged as a crucial yet…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Ajmain Inqiad Alam , Palash Ranjan Roy , Farouq Al-omari , Chanchal Kumar Roy , Banani Roy , Kevin Schneider

Code clone is a serious problem in software and has the potential to software defects, maintenance overhead, and licensing violations. Therefore, clone detection is important for reducing maintenance effort and improving code quality during…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Min Fu , Gang Luo , Xi Zheng , Tianyi Zhang , Dongjin Yu , Miryung Kim

This study aims to assess the performance of two advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, in the task of code clone detection. The evaluation involves testing the models on a variety of code pairs of different clone types…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Zixian Zhang , Takfarinas Saber

The increasing adoption of AI-generated code has reshaped modern software development, introducing syntactic and semantic variations in cloned code. Unlike traditional human-written clones, AI-generated clones exhibit systematic syntactic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ajmain Inqiad Alam , Palash Roy , Farouq Al-omari , Chanchal Roy , Banani Roy , Kevin Schneider

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in various natural language processing and software engineering tasks, such as code generation. The LLMs are mainly utilized in the prompt-based zero/few-shot paradigm to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Mohamad Khajezade , Jie JW Wu , Fatemeh Hendijani Fard , Gema Rodríguez-Pérez , Mohamed Sami Shehata

Source code clones pose risks ranging from intellectual property violations to unintended vulnerabilities. Effective and efficient scalable clone detection, especially for diverged clones, remains challenging. Large language models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Muslim Chochlov , Gul Aftab Ahmed , James Vincent Patten , Yuanhua Han , Guoxian Lu , David Gregg , Jim Buckley

BigCloneBench is a well-known and widely used large-scale dataset for the evaluation of recall of clone detection tools. It has been beneficial for research on clone detection and has become a standard in evaluating the performance of clone…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Jens Krinke , Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul

Code clones are pairs of code snippets that implement similar functionality. Clone detection is a fundamental branch of automatic source code comprehension, having many applications in refactoring recommendation, plagiarism detection, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Maksim Zubkov , Egor Spirin , Egor Bogomolov , Timofey Bryksin

Semantic and Cross-language code clone generation may be useful for code reuse, code comprehension, refactoring and benchmarking. OpenAI's GPT model has potential in such clone generation as GPT is used for text generation. When developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Palash R. Roy , Ajmain I. Alam , Farouq Al-omari , Banani Roy , Chanchal K. Roy , Kevin A. Schneider

Detecting code clones is relevant to software maintenance and code refactoring. This challenge still presents unresolved cases, mainly when structural similarity does not reflect functional equivalence, though recent code models show…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jorge Martinez-Gil

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various software engineering tasks, such as code generation and debugging, because of their ability to translate between programming languages and natural languages.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Wenqing Zhu , Norihiro Yoshida , Eunjong Choi , Yutaka Matsubara , Hiroaki Takada

We consider the well-known and important tasks of clone detection and information retrieval for source code. The most standard setup is to search clones inside the same language code snippets. But it is also useful to find code snippets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Anton Tikhonov , Nikita Sorokin , Dmitry Abulkhanov , Irina Piontkovskaya , Sergey Nikolenko , Valentin Malykh

Transformer networks such as CodeBERT already achieve outstanding results for code clone detection in benchmark datasets, so one could assume that this task has already been solved. However, code clone detection is not a trivial task.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Tim Sonnekalb , Bernd Gruner , Clemens-Alexander Brust , Patrick Mäder

With the development of the open source community, the code is often copied, spread, and evolved in multiple software systems, which brings uncertainty and risk to the software system (e.g., bug propagation and copyright infringement).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Shihan Dou , Yueming Wu , Haoxiang Jia , Yuhao Zhou , Yan Liu , Yang Liu

Code cloning, the duplication of code fragments, is common in software development. While some reuse aids productivity, excessive cloning hurts maintainability and introduces bugs. Hence, automatic code clone detection is vital. Meanwhile,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shihan Dou , Junjie Shan , Haoxiang Jia , Wenhao Deng , Zhiheng Xi , Wei He , Yueming Wu , Tao Gui , Yang Liu , Xuanjing Huang

Software clones are often introduced when developers reuse code fragments to implement similar functionalities in the same or different software systems. Many high-performing clone detection tools today are based on deep learning techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Subroto Nag Pinku , Debajyoti Mondal , Chanchal K. Roy

Software clones are beneficial to detect security gaps and software maintenance in one programming language or across multiple languages. The existing work on source clone detection performs well but in a single programming language.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Mohammad A. Yahya , Dae-Kyoo Kim

Code clone detection (CCD) supports software maintenance, refactoring, and security analysis. Although pre-trained models capture code semantics, most work reduces CCD to binary classification, overlooking the heterogeneity of clone types…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mengdi Li , Yuming Liu , He Wang , Zifeng Xu , Yuqing Zhang

Software clone detection identifies similar code snippets. It has been an active research topic that attracts extensive attention over the last two decades. In recent years, machine learning (ML) based detectors, especially deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Weiwei Zhang , Shengjian Guo , Hongyu Zhang , Yulei Sui , Yinxing Xue , Yun Xu

Context: Code Clone Detection (CCD) is a software engineering task that is used for plagiarism detection, code search, and code comprehension. Recently, deep learning-based models have achieved an F1 score (a metric used to assess…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Mohamad Khajezade , Fatemeh Hendijani Fard , Mohamed S. Shehata
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