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Deep Learning (DL) is becoming more and more widespread in clone detection, motivated by achieving near-perfect performance for this task. In particular in case of semantic code clones, which share only limited syntax but implement the same…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Thomas S. Heinze

Semantic code clone detection is the task of detecting whether two snippets of code implement the same functionality (e.g., Sort Array). Recently, many neural models achieved near-perfect performance on this task. These models seek to make…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Konstantinos Kitsios , Francesco Sovrano , Earl T. Barr , Alberto Bacchelli

Code clones are duplicate code fragments that share (nearly) similar syntax or semantics. Code clone detection plays an important role in software maintenance, code refactoring, and reuse. A substantial amount of research has been conducted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Nikita Mehrotra , Navdha Agarwal , Piyush Gupta , Saket Anand , David Lo , Rahul Purandare

Programmers often reuse code from source code repositories to reduce the development effort. Code clones are candidates for reuse in exploratory or rapid development, as they represent often repeated functionality in software systems. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Muhammad Hammad , Önder Babur , Hamid Abdul Basit , Mark van den Brand

With the involvement of multiple programming languages in modern software development, cross-lingual code clone detection has gained traction within the software engineering community. Numerous studies have explored this topic, proposing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Micheline Bénédicte Moumoula , Abdoul Kader Kabore , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé Bissyande

Developers introduce code clones to improve programming productivity. Many existing studies have achieved impressive performance in monolingual code clone detection. However, during software development, more and more developers write…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Jia Li , Chongyang Tao , Zhi Jin , Fang Liu , Jia Li , Ge Li

Code clones can detrimentally impact software maintenance and manually detecting them in very large codebases is impractical. Additionally, automated approaches find detection of Type 3 and Type 4 (inexact) clones very challenging. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Muslim Chochlov , Gul Aftab Ahmed , James Vincent Patten , Guoxian Lu , Wei Hou , David Gregg , Jim Buckley

The rapid evolution of programming languages and software systems has necessitated the implementation of multilingual and scalable clone detection tools. However, it is difficult to achieve the above requirements at the same time. Most…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yuhang Ye , Yuekun Wang , Yinxing Xue , Yueming Wu , Yang Liu

Large-scale source-code clone detection is a challenging task. In our previous work, we proposed an approach (SSCD) that leverages artificial neural networks and approximates nearest neighbour search to effectively and efficiently locate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Gul Aftab Ahmed , James Vincent Patten , Yuanhua Han , Guoxian Lu , David Gregg , Jim Buckley , Muslim Chochlov

To detect large-variance code clones (i.e. clones with relatively more differences) in large-scale code repositories is difficult because most current tools can only detect almost identical or very similar clones. It will make promotion and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Ming Wu , Pengcheng Wang , Kangqi Yin , Haoyu Cheng , Yun Xu , Chanchal K. Roy

Modern software relies on a multitude of automated testing and quality assurance tools to prevent errors, bugs and potential vulnerabilities. This study sets out to provide a head-to-head, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of six…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Damian Gnieciak , Tomasz Szandala

Recent advances in large-scale code generation models have led to remarkable progress in producing high-quality code. These models are trained in a self-supervised manner on extensive unlabeled code corpora using a decoder-only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jiayi Lin , Yanlin Wang , Yibiao Yang , Lei Zhang , Yutao Xie

Successful cross-language clone detection could enable researchers and developers to create robust language migration tools, facilitate learning additional programming languages once one is mastered, and promote reuse of code snippets over…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-11 George Mathew , Chris Parnin , Kathryn T Stolee

Source code search plays an important role in software development, e.g. for exploratory development or opportunistic reuse of existing code from a code base. Often, exploration of different implementations with the same functionality is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Muhammad Hammad , Önder Babur , Hamid Abdul Basit , Mark van den Brand

Type-4 clones refer to a pair of code snippets with similar semantics but written in different syntax, which challenges the existing code clone detection techniques. Previous studies, however, highly rely on syntactic structures and textual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Zhipeng Xue , Zhijie Jiang , Chenlin Huang , Rulin Xu , Xiangbing Huang , Liumin Hu

Code clone detection is a critical task in software engineering, aimed at identifying duplicated or similar code fragments within or across software systems. Traditional methods often fail to capture functional equivalence, particularly for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yunhao Liang , Ruixuan Ying , Takuya Taniguchi , Guwen Lyu , Zhe Cui

Code clone detection is a fundamental task in software engineering that underpins refactoring, debugging, plagiarism detection, and vulnerability analysis. Existing methods often rely on singular representations such as abstract syntax…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Zixian Zhang , Takfarinas Saber

Recent studies highlight various machine learning (ML)-based techniques for code clone detection, which can be integrated into developer tools such as static code analysis. With the advancements brought by ML in code understanding, ML-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Teeradaj Racharak , Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul , Chayanee Junplong , Akara Supratak

Semantic clone detection is the process of finding program elements with similar or equal runtime behavior. For example, detecting the semantic equality between the recursive and iterative implementation of the factorial computation.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Hannes Thaller , Lukas Linsbauer , Alexander Egyed

Code clones are semantically similar code fragments pairs that are syntactically similar or different. Detection of code clones can help to reduce the cost of software maintenance and prevent bugs. Numerous approaches of detecting code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Wenhan Wang , Ge Li , Bo Ma , Xin Xia , Zhi Jin