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We consider the problem of estimating the energy of a quantum state preparation for a given Hamiltonian in Pauli decomposition. For various quantum algorithms, in particular in the context of quantum chemistry, it is crucial to have energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-20 Alexander Gresch , Uğur Tepe , Martin Kliesch

We proposed a simple strategy to improve the postprocessing overhead of evaluating Hamiltonian expectation values in Variational quantum eigensolvers (VQEs). Observing the fact that for a mutually commuting observable group G in a given…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 Chi-Chun Chen , Hsi-Sheng Goan

The well-known algorithm for quantum phase estimation requires that the considered unitary is available as a conditional transformation depending on the quantum state of an ancilla register. We present an algorithm converting an unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dominik Janzing

Predicting observables in equilibrium states is a central yet notoriously hard question in quantum many-body systems. In the physically relevant thermodynamic limit, certain mathematical formulations of this task have even been shown to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Hamza Fawzi , Omar Fawzi , Samuel O. Scalet

Measuring the expectation value of the molecular electronic Hamiltonian is one of the challenging parts of the variational quantum eigensolver. A widely used strategy is to express the Hamiltonian as a sum of measurable fragments using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Seonghoon Choi , Ignacio Loaiza , Artur F. Izmaylov

Block-encodings have become one of the most common oracle assumptions in the circuit model. I present an algorithm that uses von Neumann's measurement procedure to measure a phase, using time evolution on a block-encoded Hamiltonian as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 S. E. Skelton

Simulating dynamics of physical systems is a key application of quantum computing, with potential impact in fields such as condensed matter physics and quantum chemistry. However, current quantum algorithms for Hamiltonian simulation yield…

Learning about physical systems from quantum-enhanced experiments, relying on a quantum memory and quantum processing, can outperform learning from experiments in which only classical memory and processing are available. Whereas quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Matthias C. Caro

With the fast development of quantum technology, the sizes of both digital and analog quantum systems increase drastically. In order to have better control and understanding of the quantum hardware, an important task is to characterize the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-05 Wenjun Yu , Jinzhao Sun , Zeyao Han , Xiao Yuan

The quantum algorithms for Monte Carlo integration (QMCI), which are based on quantum amplitude estimation (QAE), speed up expected value calculation compared with classical counterparts, and have been widely investigated along with their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-23 Koichi Miyamoto

Quantum machine learning (QML) is a discipline that seeks to transfer the advantages of quantum computing to data-driven tasks. However, many studies rely on toy datasets or heavy feature reduction, raising concerns about their scalability.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Federico Tiblias , Anna Schroeder , Yue Zhang , Mariami Gachechiladze , Iryna Gurevych

Measuring the expectation value of Pauli operators on prepared quantum states is a fundamental task in a multitude of quantum algorithms. Simultaneously measuring sets of operators allows for fewer measurements and an overall speedup of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-19 Andrew Jena , Scott Genin , Michele Mosca

Quantum computing is being extensively used in quantum chemistry, especially in simulating simple molecules and evaluating properties like the ground state energy, dipole moment, etc. The transformation of a molecular Hamiltonian from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Harshdeep Singh , Sabyashachi Mishra , Sonjoy Majumder

Measuring the state of quantum computers is a highly non-trivial task, with implications for virtually all quantum algorithms. We propose a novel scheme where identical copies of a quantum state are measured jointly so that all Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Rick P. A. Simon , Zheng Shi , Charlie Nation , Andrew Jena , Luca Dellantonio

Evaluating an expectation value of an arbitrary observable $A\in{\mathbb C}^{2^n\times 2^n}$ through na\"ive Pauli measurements requires a large number of terms to be evaluated. We approach this issue using a method based on Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 Ruho Kondo , Yuki Sato , Satoshi Koide , Seiji Kajita , Hideki Takamatsu

Obtaining precise estimates of quantum observables is a crucial step of variational quantum algorithms. We consider the problem of estimating expectation values of molecular Hamiltonians, obtained on states prepared on a quantum computer.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-30 Charles Hadfield , Sergey Bravyi , Rudy Raymond , Antonio Mezzacapo

Many quantum algorithms involve the evaluation of expectation values. Optimal strategies for estimating a single expectation value are known, requiring a number of state preparations that scales with the target error $\varepsilon$ as…

We consider a quantum computation that only extracts one bit of information per $N$-qubit quantum state preparation. This is relevant for error mitigation schemes where the remainder of the system is measured to detect errors. We optimize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Stefano Polla , Gian-Luca R. Anselmetti , Thomas E. O'Brien

There is widespread interest in calculating the energy spectrum of a Hamiltonian, for example to analyze optical spectra and energy deposition by ions in materials. In this study, we propose a quantum algorithm that samples the set of…

In the last years, we have been witnessing a tremendous push to demonstrate that quantum computers can solve classically intractable problems. This effort, initially focused on the hardware, progressively included the simplification of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-26 Lane G. Gunderman , Andrew J. Jena , Luca Dellantonio