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Large language model (LLM) coding agents can generate working code, but their solutions often accumulate complexity, duplication, and architectural debt. Human developers address such issues through refactoring: behavior-preserving program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Alex Thillen , Niels Mündler , Veselin Raychev , Martin Vechev

Coding agents represent a new paradigm in automated software engineering, combining the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with tool-augmented interaction loops. However, coding agents still have severe limitations.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Tural Mehtiyev , Wesley Assunção

Recently, test-time scaling has garnered significant attention from the research community, largely due to the substantial advancements of the o1 model released by OpenAI. By allocating more computational resources during the inference…

Large language model (LLM) performance on reasoning problems typically does not generalize out of distribution. Previous work has claimed that this can be mitigated with chain of thought prompting-a method of demonstrating solution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Kaya Stechly , Karthik Valmeekam , Subbarao Kambhampati

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has outpaced traditional evaluation methods. Static benchmarks fail to capture the depth and breadth of LLM capabilities and eventually become obsolete, while most dynamic approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Vahid Majdinasab , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation and structured reasoning; however, their performance often degrades on complex tasks that require consistent multi-step planning. Recent work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Fei Xu Yu , Gina Adam , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Tian Lan

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) technique has proven effective in improving the performance of large language models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. However, the performance gains are inconsistent across different tasks, and the underlying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Peijie Liu , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Recent advanced LLM-powered agent systems have exhibited their remarkable capabilities in tackling complex, long-horizon tasks. Nevertheless, they still suffer from inherent limitations in resource efficiency, context management, and…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential as planners in human-robot collaboration (HRC) scenarios, offering a promising alternative to traditional planning methods. LLMs, which can generate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Afagh Mehri Shervedani , Matthew R. Walter , Milos Zefran

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving various tasks, yet they often struggle with comprehensively addressing complex and vague problems. Existing approaches, including multi-agent LLM systems,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer

Modern software systems continuously undergo code upgrades to enhance functionality, security, and performance, and Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code migration tasks. However, while research on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Xiang Li , Zhiwei Fei , Ying Ma , Jerry Zhang , Sarro Federica , He Ye

Existing Large Language Model (LLM) agents struggle in interactive environments requiring long-horizon planning, primarily due to compounding errors when simulating future states. To address this, we propose ProAct, a framework that enables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yangbin Yu , Mingyu Yang , Junyou Li , Yiming Gao , Feiyu Liu , Yijun Yang , Zichuan Lin , Jiafei Lyu , Yicheng Liu , Zhicong Lu , Deheng Ye , Jie Jiang

Developing AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) faces significant challenges in achieving true Turing completeness and adaptive, code-driven evolution. Current approaches often generate code independently of its runtime…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Ming Zhu , Yi Zhou

Deep research has revolutionized data analysis, yet data scientists still devote substantial time to manually crafting visualizations, highlighting the need for robust automation from natural language queries. However, current systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Zichen Chen , Jiefeng Chen , Sercan Ö. Arik , Misha Sra , Tomas Pfister , Jinsung Yoon

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on code generation, but the mechanisms by which Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting helps remain unclear. We present a systematic empirical and information-theoretic study of CoT…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Naizhu Jin , Zhong Li , Guang Yang , Tian Zhang , Qingkai Zeng

The design of autonomous agents that can interact effectively with other agents without prior coordination is a core problem in multi-agent systems. Type-based reasoning methods achieve this by maintaining a belief over a set of potential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Jonathon Schwartz , Hanna Kurniawati , Marcus Hutter

The Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm has emerged as a critical approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, despite their widespread adoption and success, CoT methods often exhibit instability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yu Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Zhihu Wang , Heyuan Huang , Ming Fan , Yubo Zhang , Zhixing Wang , Haijun Wang , Ting Liu

Despite the remarkable code generation abilities of large language models LLMs, they still face challenges in complex task handling. Robot development, a highly intricate field, inherently demands human involvement in task allocation and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Zhirong Luan , Yujun Lai , Rundong Huang , Xiaruiqi Lan , Liangjun Chen , Badong Chen

The prominent large language models (LLMs) of today differ from past language models not only in size, but also in the fact that they are trained on a combination of natural language and formal language (code). As a medium between humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Ke Yang , Jiateng Liu , John Wu , Chaoqi Yang , Yi R. Fung , Sha Li , Zixuan Huang , Xu Cao , Xingyao Wang , Yiquan Wang , Heng Ji , Chengxiang Zhai

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive accomplishments in both reasoning and planning, their abilities in multi-agent collaborations remains largely unexplored. This study evaluates LLM-based agents in a multi-agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Huao Li , Yu Quan Chong , Simon Stepputtis , Joseph Campbell , Dana Hughes , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara
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