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The Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) approach is a new and promising way to solve partial differential equations using deep learning. The $L^2$ Physics-Informed Loss is the de-facto standard in training Physics-Informed Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Chuwei Wang , Shanda Li , Di He , Liwei Wang

Parameter estimation remains a challenging task across many areas of engineering. Because data acquisition can often be costly, limited, or prone to inaccuracies (noise, uncertainty) it is crucial to identify sensor configurations that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-20 Georgios Venianakis , Constantinos Theodoropoulos , Michail Kavousanakis

This work proposes a solution for the problem of training physics-informed networks under partial integro-differential equations. These equations require an infinite or a large number of neural evaluations to construct a single residual for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Ehsan Saleh , Saba Ghaffari , Timothy Bretl , Luke Olson , Matthew West

The goal of this paper is to provide a simple approach to perform local sensitivity analysis using Physics-informed neural networks (PINN). The main idea lies in adding a new term in the loss function that regularizes the solution in a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-07 John M. Hanna , José V. Aguado , Sebastien Comas-Cardona , Ramzi Askri , Domenico Borzacchiello

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are numerical solvers that embed all the physical information of a system into the loss function of a neural network. In this way the learned solution accounts for data (if available), the governing…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Andrés Martínez-Esteban , Pablo Calvo-Barlés , Luis Martín-Moreno , Sergio G Rodrigo

As a typical application of deep learning, physics-informed neural network (PINN) {has been} successfully used to find numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs), but how to improve the limited accuracy is still a great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Zhi-Yong Zhang , Hui Zhang , Li-Sheng Zhang , Lei-Lei Guo

Symmetries have been leveraged to improve the generalization of neural networks through different mechanisms from data augmentation to equivariant architectures. However, despite their potential, their integration into neural solvers for…

We propose a self-supervised physics-informed neural network (PINN) framework that adaptively balances physics-based and data-driven supervision for scientific machine learning under data scarcity. Unlike prior PINNs that rely on fixed or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Reza Pirayeshshirazinezhad

Loss functions play an important role in the training of artificial neural networks (ANNs), and can affect the generalisation ability of the ANN model, among other properties. Specifically, it has been shown that the cross entropy and sum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Matthew C. Dickson , Anna S. Bosman , Katherine M. Malan

The loss function is crucial to machine learning, especially in supervised learning frameworks. It is a fundamental component that controls the behavior and general efficacy of learning algorithms. However, despite their widespread use,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Soumi Mahato , Lineesh M. C

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a new tool for solving boundary value problems by defining loss functions of neural networks based on governing equations, boundary conditions, and initial conditions. Recent investigations have…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Ali Harandi , Ahmad Moeineddin , Michael Kaliske , Stefanie Reese , Shahed Rezaei

In this paper, we study physics-informed neural networks (PINN) to approximate solutions to one-dimensional boundary value problems for linear elliptic equations and establish robust error estimates of PINN regardless of the quantities of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-06 Jihahm Yoo , Haesung Lee

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as an alternative way of solving partial differential equations (PDEs) without the need of building elaborate grids, instead, using a straightforward implementation. In…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Dongkun Zhang , Lu Lu , Ling Guo , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an influential method of solving differential equations and estimating their parameters given data. However, since they make use of neural networks, they provide only a point estimate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Lena Podina , Mahdi Torabi Rad , Mohammad Kohandel

Accurate extraction and segmentation of the cerebral arteries from digital subtraction angiography (DSA) sequences is essential for developing reliable clinical management models of complex cerebrovascular diseases. Conventional loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Muhammad Irfan , Nasir Rahim , Khalid Mahmood Malik

This paper introduces a physics-informed machine learning approach for pathloss prediction. This is achieved by including in the training phase simultaneously (i) physical dependencies between spatial loss field and (ii) measured pathloss…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-15 Steffen Limmer , Alberto Martinez Alba , Nicola Michailow

Neural networks are universal approximators and are studied for their use in solving differential equations. However, a major criticism is the lack of error bounds for obtained solutions. This paper proposes a technique to rigorously…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Shuheng Liu , Xiyue Huang , Pavlos Protopapas

In recent engineering applications using deep learning, physics-informed neural network (PINN) is a new development as it can exploit the underlying physics of engineering systems. The novelty of PINN lies in the use of partial differential…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Kart Leong Lim , Rahul Dutta , Mihai Rotaru

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are one popular approach to incorporate a priori knowledge about physical systems into the learning framework. PINNs are known to be robust for smaller training sets, derive better generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Birgit Hillebrecht , Benjamin Unger

In this paper, local H\"older regularization is incorporated into a physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) framework for solving elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs). Motivated by the interior regularity properties of linear…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Qirui Zhou , Jiebao Sun , Yi Ran , Boying Wu