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While Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) improves generalization in deep neural networks by minimizing both loss and sharpness, it suffers from inefficiency in distributed large-batch training. We present Landscape-Smoothed SAM (LSAM), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yunfei Teng , Sixin Zhang

The long-tail distribution of the visual world poses great challenges for deep learning based classification models on how to handle the class imbalance problem. Existing solutions usually involve class-balancing strategies, e.g., by loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Bingyi Kang , Saining Xie , Marcus Rohrbach , Zhicheng Yan , Albert Gordo , Jiashi Feng , Yannis Kalantidis

Ensemble learning is a popular technique to improve the accuracy of machine learning models. It traditionally hinges on the rationale that aggregating multiple weak models can lead to better models with lower variance and hence higher…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Huajie Qian , Donghao Ying , Henry Lam , Wotao Yin

Recently, sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has attracted much attention because of its surprising effectiveness in improving generalization performance. However, compared to stochastic gradient descent (SGD), it is more prone to getting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Chengli Tan , Jiangshe Zhang , Junmin Liu , Yicheng Wang , Yunda Hao

The long-tailed distribution datasets poses great challenges for deep learning based classification models on how to handle the class imbalance problem. Existing solutions usually involve class-balacing strategies or transfer learing from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Gongzhe Li , Zhiwen Tan , Linpeng Pan

Large Language Model-based Recommender Systems (LRSs) have recently emerged as a new paradigm in sequential recommendation by directly adopting LLMs as backbones. While LRSs demonstrate strong knowledge utilization and instruction-following…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jiaming Zhang , Yuyuan Li , Xiaohua Feng , Li Zhang , Longfei Li , Jun Zhou , Chaochao Chen

Long-tail learning is the problem of learning under skewed label distributions, which pose a challenge for standard learners. Several recent approaches for the problem have proposed enforcing a suitable margin in logit space. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Wittawat Jitkrittum , Aditya Krishna Menon , Ankit Singh Rawat , Sanjiv Kumar

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) methods have gained increasing popularity by formulating the problem of minimizing both loss value and loss sharpness as a minimax objective. In this work, we increase the efficiency of the maximization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Gonçalo Mordido , Pranshu Malviya , Aristide Baratin , Sarath Chandar

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has shown remarkable data representation capabilities across a wide range of datasets. However, when applied to real-world datasets with long-tailed distributions, performance on multiple downstream tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Haowen Xiao , Guanghui Liu , Xinyi Gao , Yang Li , Fengmao Lv , Jielei Chu

Deep learning enables impressive performance in image recognition using large-scale artificially-balanced datasets. However, real-world datasets exhibit highly class-imbalanced distributions, yielding two main challenges: relative imbalance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Saurabh Sharma , Ning Yu , Mario Fritz , Bernt Schiele

Modern deep learning models are over-parameterized, where different optima can result in widely varying generalization performance. The Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) technique modifies the fundamental loss function that steers gradient…

Semi-supervised learning (SSL), thanks to the significant reduction of data annotation costs, has been an active research topic for large-scale 3D scene understanding. However, the existing SSL-based methods suffer from severe training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Mengtian Li , Shaohui Lin , Zihan Wang , Yunhang Shen , Baochang Zhang , Lizhuang Ma

Real-world data tends to follow a long-tailed distribution, where the class imbalance results in dominance of the head classes during training. In this paper, we propose a frustratingly simple but effective step-wise learning framework to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Na Dong , Yongqiang Zhang , Mingli Ding , Gim Hee Lee

Regression is fundamental in computer vision and is widely used in various tasks including age estimation, depth estimation, target localization, \etc However, real-world data often exhibits imbalanced distribution, making regression models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yahao Liu , Qin Wang , Lixin Duan , Wen Li

A thorough and holistic scene understanding is crucial for autonomous vehicles, where LiDAR semantic segmentation plays an indispensable role. However, most existing methods focus on the network design while neglecting the inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Peishan Cong , Xinge Zhu , Yuexin Ma

Real-world visual recognition requires handling the extreme sample imbalance in large-scale long-tailed data. We propose a "divide&conquer" strategy for the challenging LVIS task: divide the whole data into balanced parts and then apply…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Xinting Hu , Yi Jiang , Kaihua Tang , Jingyuan Chen , Chunyan Miao , Hanwang Zhang

Bayesian decision theory advocates the Bayes classifier as the optimal approach for minimizing the risk in machine learning problems. Current deep learning algorithms usually solve for the optimal classifier by \emph{implicitly} estimating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Chaoqun Du , Yulin Wang , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) seeks the minima with a flat loss landscape to improve the generalization performance in machine learning tasks, including fine-tuning. However, its extra parameter perturbation step doubles the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yifei Cheng , Xianglin Yang , Guoxia Wang , Chao Huang , Fei Ma , Dianhai Yu , Xiaochun Cao , Li Shen

Long-Tailed Semi-Supervised Learning (LTSSL) aims to learn from class-imbalanced data where only a few samples are annotated. Existing solutions typically require substantial cost to solve complex optimization problems, or class-balanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Tong Wei , Qian-Yu Liu , Jiang-Xin Shi , Wei-Wei Tu , Lan-Zhe Guo

Long-tail motion forecasting is a core challenge for autonomous driving, where rare yet safety-critical events-such as abrupt maneuvers and dense multi-agent interactions-dominate real-world risk. Existing approaches struggle in these…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Bin Rao , Chengyue Wang , Haicheng Liao , Qianfang Wang , Yanchen Guan , Jiaxun Zhang , Xingcheng Liu , Meixin Zhu , Kanye Ye Wang , Zhenning Li