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Participation of women in Open Source Software (OSS) is very unbalanced, despite various efforts to improve diversity. This is concerning not only because women do not get the chance of career and skill developments afforded by OSS, but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Bianca Trinkenreich , Igor Wiese , Anita Sarma , Marco Gerosa , Igor Steinmacher

Detecting prosociality in text--communication intended to affirm, support, or improve others' behavior--is a novel and increasingly important challenge for trust and safety systems. Unlike toxic content detection, prosociality lacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Rafal Kocielnik , Min Kim , Penphob , Boonyarungsrit , Fereshteh Soltani , Deshawn Sambrano , Animashree Anandkumar , R. Michael Alvarez

Modern software relies on a multitude of automated testing and quality assurance tools to prevent errors, bugs and potential vulnerabilities. This study sets out to provide a head-to-head, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of six…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Damian Gnieciak , Tomasz Szandala

Internet memes, channels for humor, social commentary, and cultural expression, are increasingly used to spread toxic messages. Studies on the computational analyses of toxic memes have significantly grown over the past five years, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Delfina Sol Martinez Pandiani , Erik Tjong Kim Sang , Davide Ceolin

Generative large language models present significant potential but also raise critical ethical concerns, including issues of safety, fairness, robustness, and reliability. Most existing ethical studies, however, are limited by their narrow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yıldırım Özen , Burak Erinç Çetin , Kaan Engür , Elif Naz Demiryılmaz , Cagri Toraman

Online conversations can be toxic and subjected to threats, abuse, or harassment. To identify toxic text comments, several deep learning and machine learning models have been proposed throughout the years. However, recent studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Md Azim Khan

Recent advancement in large language models (LLMs) has offered a strong potential for natural language systems to process informal language. A representative form of informal language is slang, used commonly in daily conversations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zhewei Sun , Qian Hu , Rahul Gupta , Richard Zemel , Yang Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across a range of natural language processing tasks, but their potential to generate harmful content has raised serious safety concerns. Current toxicity detectors primarily rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Zhiqiang Kou , Junyang Chen , Xin-Qiang Cai , Ming-Kun Xie , Biao Liu , Changwei Wang , Lei Feng , Yuheng Jia , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Xin Geng

In today's digital world, social media plays a significant role in facilitating communication and content sharing. However, the exponential rise in user-generated content has led to challenges in maintaining a respectful online environment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Mohammad Dehghani

Background: Despite a growing body of literature on the impact of software bots on open source software development teams, their effects on team communication, coordination, and collaboration practices are not well understood. Bots can have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Leonore Röseler , Ingo Scholtes , Christoph Gote

Open Source Software for Social Good (OSS4SG) projects aim to address critical societal challenges, such as healthcare access and community safety. Understanding the community dynamics and contributor patterns in these projects is essential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohamed Ouf , Shayan Noei , Zeph Van Iterson , Mariam Guizani , Ying Zou

This paper aims to help structure the risk landscape associated with large-scale Language Models (LMs). In order to foster advances in responsible innovation, an in-depth understanding of the potential risks posed by these models is needed.…

Offensive behaviour has become pervasive in the Internet community. Individuals take the advantage of anonymity in the cyber world and indulge in offensive communications which they may not consider in the real life. Governments, online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Vyshnav M T , Sachin Kumar S , Soman K P

In the rapidly evolving landscape of software development, addressing security vulnerabilities in open-source software (OSS) has become critically important. However, existing research and tools from both academia and industry mainly relied…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Lyuye Zhang , Jiahui Wu , Chengwei Liu , Kaixuan Li , Xiaoyu Sun , Lida Zhao , Chong Wang , Yang Liu

Code search and comprehension have become more difficult in recent years due to the rapid expansion of available source code. Current tools lack a way to label arbitrary code at scale while maintaining up-to-date representations of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Ben Gelman , Bryan Hoyle , Jessica Moore , Joshua Saxe , David Slater

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) gives rise to ethical concerns about their performance, while opening new avenues for developing toxic language detection techniques. However, LLMs' unethical output and their capability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Xi Chen , Shuo Wang

Online toxic language causes real harm, especially in regions with limited moderation tools. In this study, we evaluate how large language models handle toxic comments in Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian, languages with limited labeled data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Amel Muminovic , Amela Kadric Muminovic

Social media text shows promise for monitoring trends in the opioid overdose crisis; however, the overwhelming majority of social media text is unrelated to opioids. When leveraging social media text to monitor trends in the ongoing opioid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Kristy A. Carpenter , Issah A. Samori , Mathew V. Kiang , Keith Humphreys , Anna Lembke , Johannes C. Eichstaedt , Russ B. Altman

Toxicity in bug report discussions poses significant challenges to the collaborative dynamics of open-source software development. Bug reports are crucial for identifying and resolving defects, yet their inherently problem-focused nature…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Mia Mohammad Imran , Jaydeb Sarker

Transformer-based language models are able to generate fluent text and be efficiently adapted across various natural language generation tasks. However, language models that are pretrained on large unlabeled web text corpora have been shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Farshid Faal , Ketra Schmitt , Jia Yuan Yu
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