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The Sun exhibits a well-observed modulation in the number of spots on its disk over a period of about 11 years. From the dawn of modern observational astronomy sunspots have presented a challenge to understanding -- their quasi-periodic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-09 Scott W. McIntosh , Sandra C. Chapman , Robert J. Leamon , Ricky Egeland , Nicholas W. Watkins

Sunspots have been observed for over four centuries and the magnetic nature of sunspot cycles has been known for about a century; however, some of its underlying physics still remain elusive. It is known that the solar magnetic cycle…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-26 Priyansh Jaswal , Chitradeep Saha , Dibyendu Nandy

In this work we predict the maximum amplitude, its time of occurrence, and the total length of Solar Cycle 24 by linear regression to the curvature (second derivative) at the preceding minimum of a smoothed version of the sunspots time…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 L. C. Uzal , R. D. Piacentini , P. F. Verdes

The use of the spotless days to predict the future solar activity is here revised based on the new version of the sunspot number index with a 24-month filter. Data from Solar Cycle (SC) 10 are considered because from this solar cycle the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-15 V. M. S. Carrasco , J. M. Vaquero , M. C. Gallego

Solar cycles are studied with the Version 2 monthly smoothed international sunspot number, the variations of which are found to be well represented by the modified logistic differential equation with four parameters: maximum cumulative…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-19 G. Qin , S. -S. Wu

In the previous study (Hiremath 2006a), the solar cycle is modeled as a forced and damped harmonic oscillator and from all the 22 cycles (1755-1996), long-term amplitudes, frequencies, phases and decay factor are obtained. Using these…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 K. M. Hiremath

The use of different solar activity indices like sunspot numbers, sunspot areas, flare index, magnetic fields, etc., allows us to investigate the time evolution of some specific features of the solar activity and the underlying dynamo…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-10-11 Stefano Sello

We propose a simple method for prediction of the 11-year solar cycle maximum that is based on two relations. One of them is well known Waldmeier's rule that binds the amplitude of a cycle and the length of its ascending phase. The second…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-03 Vladimir G. Ivanov

We present a hybrid forecasting strategy that combines numerical modeling, statistical forecasting, and machine learning methods to predict enhanced bursts of solar activity. These bursts, referred to here as space weather seasons, occur on…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 Juie Shetye , Mausumi Dikpati

We investigate solar activity by focusing on double maxima in solar cycles and try to estimate the shape of the current solar cycle (Cycle 24) during its maximum. We analyzed data for Solar Cycle 24 by using Learmonth Solar Observatory…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-04 Ali Kilcik , Atila Ozguc

Forecasting future solar activity has become crucial in our modern world, where intense eruptive phenomena mostly occurring during solar maximum are likely to be strongly damaging to satellites and telecommunications. We present a 4D…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 L. Jouve , C. P. Hung , A. S. Brun , S. Hazra , A. Fournier , O. Talagrand , B. Perri , A. Strugarek

In addition to the Gnevyshev-Ohl rule (GOR), the relation of the odd cycle with the subsequent even one in the 22-year Hale solar cycle was found. It is shown that 3 years before the 11-year minimum $m$, the value of the relative sunspot…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-02 Yu. A. Nagovitsyn , V. G. Ivanov

The recent paucity of sunspots and the delay in the expected start of Solar Cycle 24 have drawn attention to the challenges involved in predicting solar activity. Traditional models of the solar cycle usually require information about the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-05 Mercedes T. Richards , Michael L. Rogers , Donald St. P. Richards

The maximum of a solar cycle contain two or more peaks, known as Gnevyshev peaks. Studies of this property of solar cycles may help for better understanding the solar dynamo mechanism. We analysed the 13-month smoothed monthly mean…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-27 J. Javaraiah

We present a comprehensive analysis of Solar Cycle 25 aimed at precisely constraining the interval of its activity maximum using multiple observational parameters: sunspot number (SSN), Wolf number, the 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F10.7), the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-24 Homer Dávila Gutiérrez

Further development of the work of Obridko et al. [1] based on recent data confirms the assumption that the 25th cycle of solar activity is a medium-low cycle. Its height is expected to be $125.2\pm5.6$, and the expected date of the maximum…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-13 V. N. Obridko , D. D. Sokoloff , M. M. Katsova

The Solar Cycle is reviewed. The 11-year cycle of solar activity is characterized by the rise and fall in the numbers and surface area of sunspots. A number of other solar activity indicators also vary in association with the sunspots…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-01 David H. Hathaway

The study of variations in solar activity is important for understanding the underlying mechanism of solar activity and for predicting the level of activity in view of the activity impact on space weather and global climate. Here we have…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-15 J. Javaraiah

Human living environment is influenced by intense solar activity. The solar activity exhibits periodicity and regularity. Although many deep-learning models are currently used for solar cycle prediction, most of them are based on a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-04 Cui Zhao , Kun Liu , Shangbin Yang , Jinchao Xia , Jingxia Chen , Jie Ren , Shiyuan Liu , Fangyuan He

After reviewing potential early indicators of an upcoming solar cycle at high latitudes, we focus attention on the rush-to-the-poles (RTTP) phenomenon in coronal green line emission. Considering various correlations between properties of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-18 K. Petrovay , M. Nagy , T. Gerják , L. Juhász