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The large language models (LLMs) are able to generate high-quality texts in multiple languages. Such texts are often not recognizable by humans as generated, and therefore present a potential of LLMs for misuse (e.g., plagiarism, spams,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Dominik Macko

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) has made it difficult to distinguish human writing from machine-produced text in many real applications. Detectors that were effective for one generation of models tend to degrade when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sepyan Purnama Kristanto , Lutfi Hakim , Dianni Yusuf

Large language models (LLMs) present significant risks when used to generate non-factual content and spread disinformation at scale. Detecting such LLM-generated content is crucial, yet current detectors often struggle to generalize in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ran Li , Wei Hao , Weiliang Zhao , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

Large language models (LLMs) have made it remarkably easy to synthesize plausible source code from natural language prompts. While this accelerates software development and supports learning, it also raises new risks for academic integrity,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Syed Mehedi Hasan Nirob , Shamim Ehsan , Moqsadur Rahman , Summit Haque

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown a high capability in answering questions on a diverse range of topics. However, these models sometimes produce biased, ideologized or incorrect responses, limiting their applications if there is no…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xiaotian Zhou , Di Tang , Xiaofeng Wang , Xiaozhong Liu

The broad capabilities and substantial resources required to train Large Language Models (LLMs) make them valuable intellectual property, yet they remain vulnerable to copyright infringement, such as unauthorized use and model theft. LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shuo Shao , Yiming Li , Yu He , Hongwei Yao , Wenyuan Yang , Dacheng Tao , Zhan Qin

Instruction fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) enable a simple zero-shot or few-shot prompting paradigm, also known as in-context learning, for building prediction models. This convenience, combined with continued advances in LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Ruicheng Xian , Yuxuan Wan , Han Zhao

Zero-shot LLMs are now also used for textual classification tasks, e.g., sentiment and bias detection in a sentence or article. However, their performance can be suboptimal in such data annotation tasks. We introduce a novel technique that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Sina Salimian , Gias Uddin , Shaina Raza , Henry Leung

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved unprecedented success in the field of natural language processing. However, the black-box nature of their internal mechanisms has brought many concerns about their trustworthiness and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhibo Zhang , Wuxia Bai , Yuxi Li , Mark Huasong Meng , Kailong Wang , Ling Shi , Li Li , Jun Wang , Haoyu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have attracted significant attention in recent years. Due to their "Large" nature, training LLMs from scratch consumes immense computational resources. Since several major players in the artificial intelligence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Heng Jin , Chaoyu Zhang , Shanghao Shi , Wenjing Lou , Y. Thomas Hou

Given a document in a source language, cross-lingual summarization (CLS) aims to generate a summary in a different target language. Recently, the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-3.5, ChatGPT and GPT-4, has attracted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jiaan Wang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Beiqi Zou , Zhixu Li , Jianfeng Qu , Jie Zhou

The advances in Vision-Language models (VLMs) offer exciting opportunities for robotic applications involving image geo-localization, the problem of identifying the geo-coordinates of a place based on visual data only. Recent research works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Sania Waheed , Bruno Ferrarini , Michael Milford , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn , Shoaib Ehsan

This article investigates a zero-shot approach to hypernymy prediction using large language models (LLMs). The study employs a method based on text probability calculation, applying it to various generated prompts. The experiments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Mikhail Tikhomirov , Natalia Loukachevitch

Existing video benchmarks often resemble image-based benchmarks, with question types like "What actions does the person perform throughout the video?" or "What color is the woman's dress in the video?" For these, models can often answer by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yiyang Zhou , Linjie Li , Shi Qiu , Zhengyuan Yang , Yuyang Zhao , Siwei Han , Yangfan He , Kangqi Li , Haonian Ji , Zihao Zhao , Haibo Tong , Lijuan Wang , Huaxiu Yao

Large Language Models revolutionized NLP and showed dramatic performance improvements across several tasks. In this paper, we investigated the role of such language models in text classification and how they compare with other approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Sowmya Vajjala , Shwetali Shimangaud

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance in semantic understanding and generation, yet accurately assessing their output reliability remains a significant challenge. While numerous studies have explored calibration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Liangru Xie , Hui Liu , Jingying Zeng , Xianfeng Tang , Yan Han , Chen Luo , Jing Huang , Zhen Li , Suhang Wang , Qi He

Current developments in large language models (LLMs) have enabled impressive zero-shot capabilities across various natural language tasks. An interesting application of these systems is in the automated assessment of natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Adian Liusie , Potsawee Manakul , Mark J. F. Gales

Recently, researchers have made considerable improvements in dialogue systems with the progress of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4. These LLM-based chatbots encode the potential biases while retaining disparities that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Hsuan Su , Cheng-Chu Cheng , Hua Farn , Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as scalable tools to address the gap between the importance of individualized written feedback and the practical challenges of providing it at scale. However, concerns persist regarding the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-11-12 Niklas Ippisch , Markus Herklotz , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Carsten Schwemmer

The tremendous commercial potential of large language models (LLMs) has heightened concerns about their unauthorized use. Third parties can customize LLMs through fine-tuning and offer only black-box API access, effectively concealing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Ziqing Yang , Yixin Wu , Yun Shen , Wei Dai , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang