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We study the in-context learning dynamics of large language models (LLMs) using three instrumental learning tasks adapted from cognitive psychology. We find that LLMs update their beliefs in an asymmetric manner and learn more from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Johannes A. Schubert , Akshay K. Jagadish , Marcel Binz , Eric Schulz

There is much excitement about the opportunity to harness the power of large language models (LLMs) when building problem-solving assistants. However, the standard methodology of evaluating LLMs relies on static pairs of inputs and outputs,…

Advances in large language models (LLMs) enable many new innovations in education. However, evaluating the effectiveness of new technology requires real students, which is time-consuming and hard to scale up. Therefore, many recent works on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Alexander Scarlatos , Jaewook Lee , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Diagnosing student problem behaviors requires teachers to synthesize multifaceted information, identify behavioral categories, and plan intervention strategies. Although fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) can support this process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zhilin Fan , Deliang Wang , Penghe Chen , Yu Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across tasks such as mathematics, coding, and reasoning, yet their learning ability, which is crucial for adapting to dynamic environments and acquiring new knowledge, remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zhengyu Hu , Jianxun Lian , Zheyuan Xiao , Seraphina Zhang , Tianfu Wang , Nicholas Jing Yuan , Xing Xie , Hui Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming education by answering questions, explaining complex concepts, and generating content across a wide range of subjects. Despite strong performance on academic benchmarks, they often fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Numaan Naeem , Abdellah El Mekki , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional abilities across a broad range of language-related tasks, including generating solutions to complex reasoning problems. An effective technique to enhance LLM performance is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shuzhang Cai , Twumasi Mensah-Boateng , Xander Kuksov , Jing Yuan , Shaojie Tang

Simulation is an invaluable tool for developing and evaluating controllers for self-driving cars. Current simulation frameworks are driven by highly-specialist domain specific languages, and so a natural language interface would greatly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Alex Lascarides , Craig Innes

Large language models (LLMs) offer significant promise as a knowledge source for task learning. Prompt engineering has been shown to be effective for eliciting knowledge from an LLM, but alone it is insufficient for acquiring relevant,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-21 James R. Kirk , Robert E. Wray , Peter Lindes , John E. Laird

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) generate text representative of diverse sub-populations is essential, particularly when key concepts related to under-represented groups are scarce in the training data. We address this challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Sabit Hassan , Anthony Sicilia , Malihe Alikhani

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming knowledge work by improving the quality and efficiency of tasks such as writing, coding, and data analysis. However, their growing use in education has exposed a learning-performance…

The widespread availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) within Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) has led to their speedy adoption. Conversational interactions with LLMs enable programmers to obtain natural language explanations…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Bhavya Chopra , Yasharth Bajpai , Param Biyani , Gustavo Soares , Arjun Radhakrishna , Chris Parnin , Sumit Gulwani

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential to refine their generation based on their own feedback. However, the feedback from LLM itself is often inaccurate, thereby limiting its benefits. In this paper, we propose Study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Danqing Wang , Lei Li

Self-reflection for Large Language Models (LLMs) has gained significant attention. Existing approaches involve models iterating and improving their previous responses based on LLMs' internal reflection ability or external feedback. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Liping Liu , Chunhong Zhang , Likang Wu , Chuang Zhao , Zheng Hu , Ming He , Jianping Fan

Large Language Models (LLMs) often do not perform well on queries that require the aggregation of information across texts. To better evaluate this setting and facilitate modeling efforts, we introduce TACT - Text And Calculations through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Avi Caciularu , Alon Jacovi , Eyal Ben-David , Sasha Goldshtein , Tal Schuster , Jonathan Herzig , Gal Elidan , Amir Globerson

Conversational Information Seeking has evolved rapidly in the last few years with the development of Large Language Models providing the basis for interpreting and responding in a naturalistic manner to user requests. iKAT emphasizes the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Mohammad Aliannejadi , Zahra Abbasiantaeb , Shubham Chatterjee , Jeffery Dalton , Leif Azzopardi

Workshop courses designed to foster creativity are gaining popularity. However, even experienced faculty teams find it challenging to realize a holistic evaluation that accommodates diverse perspectives. Adequate deliberation is essential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Toru Ishida , Tongxi Liu , Hailong Wang , William K. Cheunga

The paper describes a system that uses large language model (LLM) technology to support the automatic learning of new entries in an intelligent agent's semantic lexicon. The process is bootstrapped by an existing non-toy lexicon and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Sanjay Oruganti , Sergei Nirenburg , Jesse English , Marjorie McShane

Large Language Models are typically trained with next-turn rewards, limiting their ability to optimize for long-term interaction. As a result, they often respond passively to ambiguous or open-ended user requests, failing to help users…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Shirley Wu , Michel Galley , Baolin Peng , Hao Cheng , Gavin Li , Yao Dou , Weixin Cai , James Zou , Jure Leskovec , Jianfeng Gao

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have spurred interest in expanding their application beyond text-based tasks. A large number of studies have explored integrating other modalities with LLMs, notably speech modality, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Zhengdong Yang , Shuichiro Shimizu , Yahan Yu , Chenhui Chu