Related papers: Toponium: the smallest bound state and simplest ha…
Toponium -- a bound state of the top-antitop pair ($t\bar{t}$) -- emerges as the smallest and simplest hadronic system in QCD, with an ultrashort lifetime ($\tau_t \sim 2.5\times 10^{-25}$~s) and a femtometer-scale Bohr radius…
The formation of toponium, a bound state of top and anti-top quarks, provides an unprecedented system for investigating quantum state dynamics at ultrashort timescales. We explore two distinct phenomenological descriptions of this process:…
The hint of a pseudoscalar toponium state at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) opens a new avenue for studying a novel class of QCD (quasi-)bound states with comparable formation and decay times. Compared with charmonium and bottomonium,…
Even a first approximation of bound states requires contributions of all powers in the coupling. This means that the concept of "lowest order bound state" needs to be defined. In these lectures I discuss the "Born" (no loop, lowest order in…
The recent CMS observation of a near-threshold enhancement in top quark pair production provides the first experimental indication of a short-lived pseudoscalar $t\bar{t}$ bound state, commonly referred to as toponium. While most existing…
In this paper, the energy levels of the resonant states of toponium, composed of top quark and anti-top quark, are given on the basis of an empirical law. We predict that the mass of the n-th resonant state of toponium is given by…
Positronium is the simplest bound state, built of an electron and a positron. Studies of positronium in vacuum and its decays in medium tell us about Quantum Electrodynamics, QED, and about the structure of matter and biological processes…
The possibility of formation for a bound state of a $t$ quark and a lighter one is investigated using potential model predictions and heavy quark effective theory approach. Resulting estimates for the 1S--2S splitting of the energy levels…
We investigate the recently reported threshold enhancement in top-antitop production at the LHC in a finite, gauge-covariant, entire-function-regulated nonlocal quantum field theory framework. Our results demonstrate that the observed…
We investigate the pseudoscalar ($\eta_t$) and vector ($\psi_t$) toponium states, as well as the triply-top baryon ($\Omega_{ttt}$), using the QCD sum-rule method. This study was motivated by the recent observation of a pseudoscalar…
Great strides have been made in the understanding of bound states of a bottom quark $b$ and its antiquark $\bar b$ since the discovery of the first $\Upsilon$ resonances in 1977. These {\it bottomonium} bound states have a rich spectrum…
True muonium ($\mu^+\mu^-$) is one of the heaviest and smallest electromagnetic bound states not containing hadrons, and has never been observed so far. In this work it is shown that the spin-1 TM state (ortho-TM) can be observed at a…
The mass spectrum of $b\bar{b}$ states has been obtained using the phenomenological relativistic quark model (RQM). The Hamiltonian used in the investigation has confinement potential and confined one gluon exchange potential (COGEP). In…
We investigate near-threshold top-antitop production at the LHC, focusing on the impact of toponium formation on spin correlations and quantum information properties of the final state. Considering the top-antitop system as a mixed…
We present results of a search for a neutral, six-quark, dibaryon state called the \h, a state predicted to exist in several theoretical models. Observation of such a state would signal the discovery of a new form of hadronic matter.…
Stoponium, a bound state of top squark and its antiparticle in a supersymmetric model, may be found in the ongoing Higgs searches at the LHC. Its WW and ZZ detection ratios relative to the Standard Model Higgs boson can be more than unity…
As the heaviest known fundamental particle, the top quark has taken a central role in the study of fundamental interactions. The top quark mass is a fundamental parameter of the standard model which places constraints on the Higgs boson…
We discuss the implications of our prior results obtained in our companion paper [arXiv:0910.2229]. Inescapably, they lead to three laws governing the size of hadrons, including in particular protons and neutrons that make up the bulk of…
We give a pedagogical introduction to heavy quarkonia -- bound states of a heavy quark and its antiquark (e.g., charmonium $c\bar{c}$, bottomonium $b\bar{b}$) -- as well as to the exotic hadrons containing two heavy quarks that have been…
The top quark is the heaviest elementary particle observed to date. Its large mass of about 173 GeV/c^2 makes the top quark act differently than other elementary fermions, as it decays before it hadronises, passing its spin information on…