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Phishing attacks are a major threat to online security, exploiting user vulnerabilities to steal sensitive information. Various methods have been developed to counteract phishing, each with varying levels of accuracy, but they also face…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Tri Cao , Chengyu Huang , Yuexin Li , Huilin Wang , Amy He , Nay Oo , Bryan Hooi

In this paper, we introduce PhishLang, the first fully client-side anti-phishing framework built on a lightweight ensemble framework that utilizes advanced language models to analyze the contextual features of a website's source code and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Sayak Saha Roy , Shirin Nilizadeh

The increase in the number of phishing demands innovative solutions to safeguard users from phishing attacks. This study explores the development and utilization of a real-time browser extension integrated with machine learning model to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Akshaya Arun , Nasr Abosata

The most widespread type of phishing attack involves email messages with links pointing to malicious content. Despite user training and the use of detection techniques, these attacks are still highly effective. Recent studies show that it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Daniele Lain , Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Kari Kostiainen , Gene Tsudik , Srdjan Capkun

Phishing attacks pose a significant cybersecurity threat, evolving rapidly to bypass detection mechanisms and exploit human vulnerabilities. This paper introduces PhishKey to address the challenges of adaptability, robustness, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Felipe Castaño , Eduardo Fidalgo , Enrique Alegre , Rocio Alaiz-Rodríguez , Raul Orduna , Francesco Zola

Protecting and preventing sensitive data from being used inappropriately has become a challenging task. Even a small mistake in securing data can be exploited by phishing attacks to release private information such as passwords or financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Luke Barlow , Gueltoum Bendiaby , Stavros Shiaelesy , Nick Savage

The emergence of online services in our daily lives has been accompanied by a range of malicious attempts to trick individuals into performing undesired actions, often to the benefit of the adversary. The most popular medium of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Lukas Halgas , Ioannis Agrafiotis , Jason R. C. Nurse

In this paper, we uncover the essential features of websites that allow intelligent models to distinguish between phishing and legitimate sites. Phishing websites are those that are made with a similar user interface and a near similar…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Arash Negahdari Kia , Finbarr Murphy , Zahra Dehghani Mohammadabadi , Parisa Shamsi

Phishing is considered to be one of the most prevalent cyber-attacks because of its immense flexibility and alarmingly high success rate. Even with adequate training and high situational awareness, it can still be hard for users to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Orestis Christou , Nikolaos Pitropakis , Pavlos Papadopoulos , Sean McKeown , William J. Buchanan

Phishing is one of the most effective ways in which cybercriminals get sensitive details such as credentials for online banking, digital wallets, state secrets, and many more from potential victims. They do this by spamming users with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Tosin Ige , Christopher Kiekintveld , Aritran Piplai , Amy Waggler , Olukunle Kolade , Bolanle Hafiz Matti

The large-scale deployment of modern phishing attacks relies on the automatic exploitation of vulnerable websites in the wild, to maximize profit while hindering attack traceability, detection and blacklisting. To the best of our knowledge,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Igino Corona , Battista Biggio , Matteo Contini , Luca Piras , Roberto Corda , Mauro Mereu , Guido Mureddu , Davide Ariu , Fabio Roli

Anti-phishing tools typically display generic warnings that offer users limited explanation on why a website is considered malicious, which can prevent end-users from developing the mental models needed to recognize phishing cues on their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sayak Saha Roy , Cesar Torres , Shirin Nilizadeh

Phishing sites continue to grow in volume and sophistication. Recent work leverages large language models (LLMs) to analyze URLs, HTML, and rendered content to decide whether a website is a phishing site. While these approaches are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Takashi Koide , Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba

Phishing is an especially challenging cyber security threat as it does not attack computer systems, but targets the user who works on that system by relying on the vulnerability of their decision-making ability. Phishing attacks can be used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-18 Gaurav Misra , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Shlomo Berkovsky

Phishing is the most prevalent type of cyber-attack today and is recognized as the leading source of data breaches with significant consequences for both individuals and corporations. Web-based phishing attacks are the most frequent with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Muhammad Fahad Zia , Sri Harish Kalidass

Phishing emails typically masquerade themselves as reputable identities to trick people into providing sensitive information and credentials. Despite advancements in cybersecurity, attackers continuously adapt, posing ongoing threats to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Sijie Zhuo , Robert Biddle , Jared Daniel Recomendable , Giovanni Russello , Danielle Lottridge

Phishing attacks remain a significant threat to modern cybersecurity, as they successfully deceive both humans and the defense mechanisms intended to protect them. Traditional detection systems primarily focus on email metadata that users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Even Eilertsen , Vasileios Mavroeidis , Gudmund Grov

The way we communicate and work has changed significantly with the rise of the Internet. While it has opened up new opportunities, it has also brought about an increase in cyber threats. One common and serious threat is phishing, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Furkan Çolhak , Mert İlhan Ecevit , Bilal Emir Uçar , Reiner Creutzburg , Hasan Dağ

Phishing continues to be one of the most prevalent attack vectors, making accurate classification of phishing URLs essential. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising results in phishing URL detection. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Holly Trikilis , Pasindu Marasinghe , Fariza Rashid , Suranga Seneviratne

In this digital era, our lives highly depend on the internet and worldwide technology. Wide usage of technology and platforms of communication makes our lives better and easier. But on the other side it carries out some security issues and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Muhammad Shoaib Farooq , Hina jabbar