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The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating Behavior Trees (BTs) has recently gained attention in the robotics community, yet remains in its early stages of development. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that leverages…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Naoki Wake , Atsushi Kanehira , Jun Takamatsu , Kazuhiro Sasabuchi , Katsushi Ikeuchi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely utilized to perform complex robotic tasks. However, handling external disturbances during tasks is still an open challenge. This paper proposes a novel method to achieve robotic adaptive tasks…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Haotian Zhou , Yunhan Lin , Longwu Yan , Jihong Zhu , Huasong Min

The discovery of Behavior Trees (BTs) impacted the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in games, by providing flexible and natural representation of non-player characters (NPCs) logic, manageable by game-designers. Nevertheless, increased…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Andrzej Kozik , Tomasz Machalewski , Mariusz Marek , Adrian Ochmann

The possibility to create reactive robot programs faster without the need for extensively trained programmers is becoming increasingly important. So far, it has not been explored how various techniques for creating Behavior Tree (BT)…

Behavior Trees (BTs) are increasingly becoming a popular control structure in robotics due to their modularity, reactivity, and robustness. In terms of BT generation methods, BT planning shows promise for generating reliable BTs. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yishuai Cai , Xinglin Chen , Yunxin Mao , Minglong Li , Shaowu Yang , Wenjing Yang , Ji Wang

In this paper we provide a practical demonstration of how the modularity in a Behavior Tree (BT) decreases the effort in programming a robot task when compared to a Finite State Machine (FSM). In recent years the way to represent a task…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Matteo Iovino , Julian Förster , Pietro Falco , Jen Jen Chung , Roland Siegwart , Christian Smith

In recent years, the model of computation known as Behavior Trees (BT), first developed in the video game industry, has become more popular in the robotics community for defining discrete behavior switching. BTs are threatening to supplant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Joshua M. Zutell , David C. Conner , Philipp Schillinger

Robotic systems for manipulation tasks are increasingly expected to be easy to configure for new tasks or unpredictable environments, while keeping a transparent policy that is readable and verifiable by humans. We propose the method…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jonathan Styrud , Matteo Iovino , Mikael Norrlöf , Mårten Björkman , Christian Smith

We propose a hybrid combination of active inference and behavior trees (BTs) for reactive action planning and execution in dynamic environments, showing how robotic tasks can be formulated as a free-energy minimization problem. The proposed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Corrado Pezzato , Carlos Hernandez Corbato , Stefan Bonhof , Martijn Wisse

In this work, we propose an LLM-based BT generation framework to leverage the strengths of both for sequential manipulation planning. To enable human-robot collaborative task planning and enhance intuitive robot programming by nonexperts,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jicong Ao , Yansong Wu , Fan Wu , Sami Haddadin

Behavior Trees (BTs) are high-level controllers that are useful in a variety of planning tasks and are gaining traction in robotic mission planning. As they gain popularity in safety-critical domains, it is important to formalize their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Serena S. Serbinowska , Preston Robinette , Gabor Karsai , Taylor T. Johnson

Behavior trees (BTs) are a popular method for modeling NPC and enemy AI behavior and have been widely used in commercial games. In this work, rather than use BTs to model game playing agents, we use them for modeling game design agents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Anurag Sarkar , Seth Cooper

Large and small language models have been widely used for robotic task planning. At the same time, vision-language models (VLMs) have successfully tackled problems such as image captioning, scene understanding, and visual question…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Cristiano Battistini , Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Behavior trees (BTs) are an optimally modular framework to assemble hierarchical hybrid control policies from a set of low-level control policies using a tree structure. Many robotic tasks are naturally decomposed into a hierarchy of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-21 Christopher Iliffe Sprague , Petter Ögren

This paper addresses the concurrency issues affecting Behavior Trees (BTs), a popular tool to model the behaviors of autonomous agents in the video game and the robotics industry. BT designers can easily build complex behaviors composing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Michele Colledanchise , Lorenzo Natale

Behavior Trees (BT) are becoming increasingly popular in the robotics community. The BT tool is well suited for decision-making applications allowing a robot to perform complex behavior while being explainable to humans as well. Verifying…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Matteo Tadiello , Elena Troubitsyna

Modern manufacturing demands robotic assembly systems with enhanced flexibility and reliability. However, traditional approaches often rely on programming tailored to each product by experts for fixed settings, which are inherently…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xiwei Zhao , Yiwei Wang , Yansong Wu , Fan Wu , Teng Sun , Zhonghua Miao , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

Nowadays, the behavior tree is gaining popularity as a representation for robot tasks due to its modularity and reusability. Designing behavior-tree tasks manually is time-consuming for robot end-users, thus there is a need for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Yue Cao , C. S. George Lee

Behavior Trees (BTs) have become a popular framework for designing controllers of autonomous agents in the computer game and in the robotics industry. One of the key advantages of BTs lies in their modularity, where independent modules can…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Michele Colledanchise , Lorenzo Natale

Accurate task planning is critical for controlling autonomous systems, such as robots, drones, and self-driving vehicles. Behavior Trees (BTs) are considered one of the most prominent control-policy-defining frameworks in task planning, due…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Azizjon Kobilov , Jianglin Lan