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Large Language Models (LLMs), constrained by their auto-regressive nature, suffer from slow decoding. Speculative decoding methods have emerged as a promising solution to accelerate LLM decoding, attracting attention from both systems and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuliang Wang , Yuetao Chen , Maochan Zhen , Fang Liu , Xinzhou Zheng , Xingwu Liu , Hong Xu , Ming Li

Pruning provides a practical solution to reduce the resources required to run large language models (LLMs) to benefit from their effective capabilities as well as control their cost for training and inference. Research on LLM pruning often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yuanhe Tian , Junjie Liu , Xican Yang , Haishan Ye , Yan Song

Recent methods have demonstrated that Large Language Models (LLMs) can solve reasoning tasks better when they are encouraged to solve subtasks of the main task first. In this paper we devise a similar strategy that breaks down reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Zhuofeng Wu , He Bai , Aonan Zhang , Jiatao Gu , VG Vinod Vydiswaran , Navdeep Jaitly , Yizhe Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing but exhibit significant performance gaps among different languages. Most existing approaches to address these disparities rely on pretraining or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Weixuan Wang , Minghao Wu , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver state-of-the-art performance on complex reasoning tasks, but their inference costs limit deployment at scale. Small Language Models (SLMs) offer dramatic cost savings yet lag substantially in accuracy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ziming Dong , Hardik Sharma , Evan O'Toole , Jaya Prakash Champati , Kui Wu

The rise of large language models (LLMs) is revolutionizing information retrieval, question answering, summarization, and code generation tasks. However, in addition to confidently presenting factually inaccurate information at times (known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Henry Gilbert , Michael Sandborn , Douglas C. Schmidt , Jesse Spencer-Smith , Jules White

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have recently achieved strong results in text generation. However, their multi-step sampling leads to slow inference, limiting practical use. To address this, we extend Inverse Distillation, a technique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 David Li , Nikita Gushchin , Dmitry Abulkhanov , Eric Moulines , Ivan Oseledets , Maxim Panov , Alexander Korotin

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the capabilities of artificial intelligence across various domains. However, their massive scale and high computational costs render them unsuitable for direct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Miao Rang , Zhenni Bi , Hang Zhou , Hanting Chen , An Xiao , Tianyu Guo , Kai Han , Xinghao Chen , Yunhe Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of industrial applications, from search and recommendation systems to generative tasks. Although scaling laws indicate that larger models generally…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable performance for cross-modal understanding and generation, yet still suffer from severe inference costs. Recently, abundant works have been proposed to solve this problem with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zichen Wen , Yifeng Gao , Weijia Li , Conghui He , Linfeng Zhang

Deploying large language models (LLMs) encounters challenges due to intensive computational and memory requirements. Our research examines vocabulary trimming (VT) inspired by restricting embedding entries to the language of interest to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Nikolay Bogoychev , Pinzhen Chen , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Pruning has emerged as a promising direction for accelerating large language model (LLM) inference, yet existing approaches often suffer from instability because they rely on offline calibration data that may not generalize across inputs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jungmin Lee , Gwangeun Byeon , Yulhwa Kim , Seokin Hong

Conventional predictive modeling of parametric relationships in manufacturing processes is limited by the subjectivity of human expertise and intuition on the one hand and by the cost and time of experimental data generation on the other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Kiarash Naghavi Khanghah , Anandkumar Patel , Rajiv Malhotra , Hongyi Xu

In this paper, we propose Precision-Informed Semantic Modeling (PRISM), a structured topic modeling framework combining the benefits of rich representations captured by LLMs with the low cost and interpretability of latent semantic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Connor Douglas , Utkucan Balci , Joseph Aylett-Bullock

Fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks, performed on domain-specific data has shown significant promise. However, commercial use of such LLMs is limited by the high computational cost required for their deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Boris Nazarov , Darya Frolova , Yackov Lubarsky , Alexei Gaissinski , Pavel Kisilev

Recent research has explored distilling knowledge from large language models (LLMs) to optimize retriever models, especially within the retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework. However, most existing training methods rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Zizhong Li , Haopeng Zhang , Jiawei Zhang

One of the most striking findings in modern research on large language models (LLMs) is that scaling up compute during training leads to better results. However, less attention has been given to the benefits of scaling compute during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Sean Welleck , Amanda Bertsch , Matthew Finlayson , Hailey Schoelkopf , Alex Xie , Graham Neubig , Ilia Kulikov , Zaid Harchaoui

Performing inference on large volumes of samples with large language models (LLMs) can be computationally and financially costly in industry and real-world use. We propose batch prompting, a simple yet effective prompting approach that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Zhoujun Cheng , Jungo Kasai , Tao Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are known for their exceptional performance across a range of natural language processing tasks, but their deployment comes at a high computational and financial cost. On the other hand, smaller language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Adarsh MS , Jithin VG , Ditto PS

Large language models (LLMs) can spend extra compute during inference to generate intermediate thoughts, which helps to produce better final responses. Since Chain-of-Thought (Wei et al., 2022), many such System 2 techniques have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Ping Yu , Jing Xu , Jason Weston , Ilia Kulikov