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Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly smaller variants, still struggle with complex reasoning tasks. While inference-time prompting can guide reasoning, existing methods often rely on sequential queries. Ensemble approaches offer a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Gregory Kang Ruey Lau , Wenyang Hu , Diwen Liu , Jizhuo Chen , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Being prompted to engage in reasoning has emerged as a core technique for using large language models (LLMs), deploying additional inference-time compute to improve task performance. However, as LLMs increase in both size and adoption,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 C. Nicolò De Sabbata , Theodore R. Sumers , Badr AlKhamissi , Antoine Bosselut , Thomas L. Griffiths

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought to light promising language generation capabilities, particularly in performing tasks like complex reasoning and creative writing. Consequently, distillation through imitation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Sahithya Ravi , Patrick Huber , Akshat Shrivastava , Aditya Sagar , Ahmed Aly , Vered Shwartz , Arash Einolghozati

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become powerful tools for annotating unstructured data. However, most existing workflows rely on ad hoc scripts, making reproducibility, robustness, and systematic evaluation difficult. To address these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Eric Fithian , Kirill Skobelev

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been achieving competent performance on a wide range of downstream tasks, yet existing work shows that inference on structured data is challenging for LLMs. This is because LLMs need to either understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Younghun Lee , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen

Keyword extraction is one of the core tasks in natural language processing. Classic extraction models are notorious for having a short attention span which make it hard for them to conclude relational connections among the words and…

Existing pre-trained language models (PLMs) are often computationally expensive in inference, making them impractical in various resource-limited real-world applications. To address this issue, we propose a dynamic token reduction approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Deming Ye , Yankai Lin , Yufei Huang , Maosong Sun

As Large Language Models (LLMs) grow dramatically in size, there is an increasing trend in compressing and speeding up these models. Previous studies have highlighted the usefulness of gradients for importance scoring in neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Hongrong Cheng , Miao Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in Natural Language Processing (NLP), achieving impressive performance in text generation. Their token-level representations capture rich, human-aligned semantics. However, pooling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Benedikt Roth , Stephan Rappensperger , Tianming Qiu , Hamza Imamović , Julian Wörmann , Hao Shen

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced natural language processing tasks like text summarization. However, their large size and computational demands, coupled with privacy concerns in data transmission, limit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Pengcheng Jiang , Cao Xiao , Zifeng Wang , Parminder Bhatia , Jimeng Sun , Jiawei Han

Retrieval-augmented language models (RALMs) hold promise to produce language understanding systems that are are factual, efficient, and up-to-date. An important desideratum of RALMs, is that retrieved information helps model performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ori Yoran , Tomer Wolfson , Ori Ram , Jonathan Berant

In enterprise search, building high-quality datasets at scale remains a central challenge due to the difficulty of acquiring labeled data. To resolve this challenge, we propose an efficient approach to fine-tune small language models (SLMs)…

Small language models (SLMs) offer computational efficiency for scalable deployment, yet they often fall short of the reasoning power exhibited by their larger counterparts (LLMs). To mitigate this gap, current approaches invoke an LLM to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Wenxuan Ye , Yangyang Zhang , Xueli An , Georg Carle , Yunpu Ma

While test-time reasoning enables language models (LMs) to tackle complex tasks, searching or planning in natural language can be slow, costly, and error-prone. But even when LMs struggle to emulate the precise reasoning steps needed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Gabriel Grand , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Vikash K. Mansinghka , Alexander K. Lew , Jacob Andreas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive results on a variety of text understanding tasks. Search queries though pose a unique challenge, given their short-length and lack of nuance or context. Complicated feature engineering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Krishna Srinivasan , Karthik Raman , Anupam Samanta , Lingrui Liao , Luca Bertelli , Mike Bendersky

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the Transformer architecture have recently emerged as a dominant foundation model for a wide range of Natural Language Processing tasks. Nevertheless, their application in real-time scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Hasan Genc , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami , Sophia Shao

Current disfluency detection methods heavily rely on costly and scarce human-annotated data. To tackle this issue, some approaches employ heuristic or statistical features to generate disfluent sentences, partially improving detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Zhenrong Cheng , Jiayan Guo , Hao Sun , Yan Zhang

Distilling large language models (LLMs) typically involves transferring the teacher model's responses through supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, this approach neglects the potential to distill both data (output content) and reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yudi Zhang , Lu Wang , Meng Fang , Yali Du , Chenghua Huang , Jun Wang , Qingwei Lin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Dongmei Zhang , Saravan Rajmohan , Qi Zhang

Long-context inference for Large Language Models (LLMs) is heavily limited by high computational demands. While several existing methods optimize attention computation, they still process the full set of hidden states at each layer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lingkun Long , Rubing Yang , Yushi Huang , Desheng Hui , Ao Zhou , Jianlei Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language tasks. However, a critical challenge remains in that they sometimes generate factually incorrect answers. To address this, while many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Joonho Ko , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang
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