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Existing score-based methods for directed acyclic graph (DAG) learning from observational data struggle to recover the causal graph accurately and sample-efficiently. To overcome this, in this study, we propose DrBO (DAG recovery via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Bao Duong , Sunil Gupta , Thin Nguyen

Structural discovery amongst a set of variables is of interest in both static and dynamic settings. In the presence of lead-lag dependencies in the data, the dynamics of the system can be represented through a structural equation model…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-28 Jiahe Lin , Huitian Lei , George Michailidis

We give methods for Bayesian inference of directed acyclic graphs, DAGs, and the induced causal effects from passively observed complete data. Our methods build on a recent Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme for learning Bayesian networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Jussi Viinikka , Antti Hyttinen , Johan Pensar , Mikko Koivisto

The problem of finding an ancestral acyclic directed mixed graph (ADMG) that represents the causal relationships between a set of variables is an important area of research on causal inference. Most existing score-based structure learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Rui Chen , Sanjeeb Dash , Tian Gao

Causal discovery, the learning of causality in a data mining scenario, has been of strong scientific and theoretical interest as a starting point to identify "what causes what?" Contingent on assumptions and a proper learning algorithm, it…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-23 Gabriel Ruiz , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Qing Zhou

We present a constraint-based algorithm for learning causal structures from observational time-series data, in the presence of latent confounders. We assume a discrete-time, stationary structural vector autoregressive process, with both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Shami Nisimov , Yaniv Gurwicz , Gal Novik

We propose a constraint-based algorithm, which automatically determines causal relevance thresholds, to infer causal networks from data. We call these topological thresholds. We present two methods for determining the threshold: the first…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-24 Filipe Barroso , Diogo Gomes , Gareth J. Baxter

Causal structure learning from observational data remains a non-trivial task due to various factors such as finite sampling, unobserved confounding factors, and measurement errors. Constraint-based and score-based methods tend to suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Rezaur Rashid , Jawad Chowdhury , Gabriel Terejanu

Causal inference is essential for data-driven decision-making, as it aims to uncover causal relationships from observational data. However, identifying causality remains challenging due to the potential for confounding and the distinction…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Tianyu Yang , Md. Noor-E-Alam

In this paper, we develop a generic methodology to encode hierarchical causality structure among observed variables into a neural network in order to improve its predictive performance. The proposed methodology, called causality-informed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Xiaoge Zhang , Xiao-Lin Wang , Fenglei Fan , Yiu-Ming Cheung , Indranil Bose

Discovering causal structure from purely observational data (i.e., causal discovery), aiming to identify causal relationships among variables, is a fundamental task in machine learning. The recent invention of differentiable score-based DAG…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Fangfu Liu , Wenchang Ma , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Yueqi Duan , Tat-Seng Chua

This paper demonstrates how to discover the whole causal graph from the second derivative of the log-likelihood in observational non-linear additive Gaussian noise models. Leveraging scalable machine learning approaches to approximate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Francesco Montagna , Nicoletta Noceti , Lorenzo Rosasco , Kun Zhang , Francesco Locatello

Faced with data-driven policies, individuals will manipulate their features to obtain favorable decisions. While earlier works cast these manipulations as undesirable gaming, recent works have adopted a more nuanced causal framing in which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Tom Yan , Shantanu Gupta , Zachary Lipton

Under stringent model type and variable distribution assumptions, differentiable score-based causal discovery methods learn a directed acyclic graph (DAG) from observational data by evaluating candidate graphs over an average score…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 An Zhang , Fangfu Liu , Wenchang Ma , Zhibo Cai , Xiang Wang , Tat-seng Chua

Learning the structure of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from observational data is a central problem in causal discovery, statistical signal processing, and machine learning. Under a linear Gaussian structural equation model (SEM) with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Hamed Ajorlou , Samuel Rey , Gonzalo Mateos , Geert Leus , Antonio G. Marques

Predictive models learned from historical data are widely used to help companies and organizations make decisions. However, they may digitally unfairly treat unwanted groups, raising concerns about fairness and discrimination. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-07 Yongkai Wu , Lu Zhang , Xintao Wu

The PC algorithm is the state-of-the-art algorithm for causal structure discovery on observational data. It can be computationally expensive in the worst case due to the conditional independence tests are performed in an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Kai Zhang , Chao Tian , Kun Zhang , Todd Johnson , Xiaoqian Jiang

The discovery of structure from time series data is a key problem in fields of study working with complex systems. Most identifiability results and learning algorithms assume the underlying dynamics to be discrete in time. Comparatively…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-04 Alexis Bellot , Kim Branson , Mihaela van der Schaar

In this study, we present a novel constraint-based algorithm for causal structure learning specifically designed for nonlinear autoregressive time series. Our algorithm significantly reduces computational complexity compared to existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mohammad Fesanghary , Achintya Gopal

Causal discovery is essential for advancing data-driven fields such as scientific AI and data analysis, yet existing approaches face significant time- and space-efficiency bottlenecks when scaling to large graphs. To address this challenge,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Bo Peng , Sirui Chen , Jiaguo Tian , Yu Qiao , Chaochao Lu