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Headphone-based spatial audio uses head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) to simulate real-world acoustic environments. HRTFs are unique to everyone, due to personal morphology, shaping how sound waves interact with the body before…

This paper presents a Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF)-guided framework for binaural Target Speaker Extraction (TSE) from mixtures of concurrent sources. Unlike conventional TSE methods based on Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Yoav Ellinson , Sharon Gannot

Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are essential for virtual acoustic realities, as they contain all cues for localizing sound sources in three-dimensional space. Acoustic measurements are one way to obtain high-quality HRTFs. To…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-25 Johannes M. Arend , Christoph Pörschmann , Stefan Weinzierl , Fabian Brinkmann

Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are important for immersive audio, and their spatial interpolation has been studied to upsample finite measurements. Recently, neural fields (NFs) which map from sound source direction to HRTF have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-29 Yoshiki Masuyama , Gordon Wichern , François G. Germain , Zexu Pan , Sameer Khurana , Chiori Hori , Jonathan Le Roux

Sound source localization relies on spatial cues such as interaural time differences (ITD), interaural level differences (ILD), and monaural spectral cues. Individually measured Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) facilitate precise…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Nils Marggraf-Turley , Martha Shiell , Niels Pontoppidan , Drew Cappotto , Lorenzo Picinali

Personalized binaural audio reproduction is the basis of realistic spatial localization, sound externalization, and immersive listening, directly shaping user experience and listening effort. This survey reviews recent advances in deep…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Xikun Lu , Yunda Chen , Zehua Chen , Jie Wang , Mingxing Liu , Hongmei Hu , Chengshi Zheng , Stefan Bleeck , Jinqiu Sang

This paper addresses the problem of binaural localization of a single speech source in noisy and reverberant environments. For a given binaural microphone setup, the binaural response corresponding to the direct-path propagation of a single…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-09-08 Xiaofei Li , Laurent Girin , Radu Horaud , Sharon Gannot

Individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs), crucial for realistic virtual audio rendering, can be efficiently numerically computed from precise three-dimensional head and ear scans. While photogrammetry scanning is promising, it…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-30 Fabio Di Giusto , Francesc Lluís , Sjoerd van Ophem , Elke Deckers

Most existing sound field reconstruction methods target point-to-region reconstruction, interpolating the Acoustic Transfer Functions (ATFs) between a fixed-position sound source and a receiver region. The applicability of these methods is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Xingyu Chen , Sipei Zhao , Fei Ma , Eva Cheng , Ian S. Burnett

Many multi-microphone speech enhancement algorithms require the relative transfer function (RTF) vector of the desired speech source, relating the acoustic transfer functions of all array microphones to a reference microphone. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-22 N. Gößling , S. Doclo

A method of interpolating the acoustic transfer function (ATF) between regions that takes into account both the physical properties of the ATF and the directionality of region configurations is proposed. Most spatial ATF interpolation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-06 Juliano G. C. Ribeiro , Shoichi Koyama , Hiroshi Saruwatari

Efficient modeling of the inter-individual variations of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) is a key matterto the individualization of binaural synthesis. In previous work, we augmented a dataset of 119 pairs of earshapes and…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Corentin Guezenoc , Renaud Seguier

This paper proposes an efficient parameterization of the Room Transfer Function (RTF). Typically, the RTF rapidly varies with varying source and receiver positions, hence requires an impractical number of point to point measurements to…

Sound · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Prasanga Samarasinghe , Thushara Abhayapala , Mark Poletti , Terence Betlehem

Precise elevation perception in binaural audio remains a challenge, despite extensive research on head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) and spectral cues. While prior studies have advanced our understanding of sound localization cues, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Juan Antonio De Rus , Mario Montagud , Jesus Lopez-Ballester , Francesc J. Ferri , Maximo Cobos

In this work, we propose a deep beamforming framework for speech enhancement in dynamic acoustic environments. The framework learns time-varying beamformer weights from noisy multichannel signals via a deep neural network, guided by a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-18 Ilai Zaidel , Sharon Gannot

This paper addresses the problem of sound-source localization (SSL) with a robot head, which remains a challenge in real-world environments. In particular we are interested in locating speech sources, as they are of high interest for…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Xiaofei Li , Laurent Girin , Fabien Badeig , Radu Horaud

Many spatial filtering algorithms used for voice capture in, e.g., teleconferencing applications, can benefit from or even rely on knowledge of Relative Transfer Functions (RTFs). Accordingly, many RTF estimators have been proposed which,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-06 Andreas Brendel , Johannes Zeitler , Walter Kellermann

This article focuses on estimating relative transfer functions (RTFs) for beamforming applications. Traditional methods often assume that spectra are uncorrelated, an assumption that is often violated in practical scenarios due to factors…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Giovanni Bologni , Richard C. Hendriks , Richard Heusdens

In room acoustic environments, the Relative Transfer Functions (RTFs) are controlled by few underlying modes of variability. Accordingly, they are confined to a low-dimensional manifold. In this letter, we investigate a RTF inverse…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-10-26 Ziteng Wang , Emmanuel Vincent , Yonghong Yan

Direct-path relative transfer function (DP-RTF) refers to the ratio between the direct-path acoustic transfer functions of two microphone channels. Though DP-RTF fully encodes the sound spatial cues and serves as a reliable localization…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Bing Yang , Hong Liu , Xiaofei Li