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In this paper, we consider a double-RIS (D-RIS)-aided flat-fading MIMO system and propose an interference-free channel training and estimation protocol, where the two single-reflection links and the one double-reflection link are estimated…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-10 Gerald C. Nwalozie , Andre L. F. de Almeida , Martin Haardt

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) have introduced unprecedented flexibility and adaptability toward smart wireless channels. Recent research on integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems has demonstrated that RIS platforms…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-27 Tara Esmaeilbeig , Kumar Vijay Mishra , Mojtaba Soltanalian

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) improves the traditional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architecture functionality by interconnecting elements for advanced wave control. However, real-world…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-10 Jose Carlos da Silva Filho , Josué V. de Araújo , Bruno Sokal , André L. F. de Almeida

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) generalizes and goes beyond conventional diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (D-RIS) by interconnecting elements to generate beyond diagonal scattering matrices, which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-14 Hamad Yahya , Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx , Merouane Debbah

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) allow controlling the propagation environment in wireless networks by tuning multiple reflecting elements. RISs have been traditionally realized through single connected architectures,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Matteo Nerini , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) extend conventional diagonal RISs by allowing inter-element coupling, thereby enlarging the set of attainable scattering matrices and improving the achievable signal-to-noise…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Konstantinos Ntougias , Ioannis Krikidis

In this letter, we study the beamforming design for channel estimation of multi-functional reconfigurable intelligent surface (MF-RIS)-aided multi-user communications that supports simultaneous signal reflection, refraction, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Zaihao Pan , Wen Wang , Gaofeng Nie , Ailing Zheng , Wanli Ni

Beyond diagonal intelligent reflecting surface (BD-IRS) is a new promising IRS architecture for which the reflection matrix is not limited to the diagonal structure as for conventional IRS. In this paper, we study a BD-IRS aided uplink…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Shuo Zheng , Shuowen Zhang

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) are an emerging RIS 2.0 technology for future wireless communication. However, BD-RISs are primarily passive without active amplification, suffering from severe multiplicative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Shanpu Shen , Hongyu Li , Matteo Nerini , Qingqing Wu , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology has emerged as a promising enabler for next-generation wireless networks, offering a paradigm shift from passive environments to programmable radio wave propagation. Despite the potential…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Wali Ullah Khan , Chandan Kumar Sheemar , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has gained much traction due to its potential to manipulate the propagation environment via nearly-passive reconfigurable elements. In our previous work, we have analyzed and proposed a beyond…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-29 Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen , Bruno Clerckx

This paper investigates the use of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) with $N$ elements to advance integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). We address a key gap in the statistical characterizations of the radar…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-19 Thanh Luan Nguyen , Georges Kaddoum , Bassant Selim , Chadi Assi

Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RIS) represent a groundbreaking innovation in sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, enabling unprecedented control over wireless propagation environments compared to conventional…

The channel estimation problem has been widely discussed in traditional reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted multiple-input multiple-output. However, solutions for channel estimation adapted to beyond diagonal RIS need further study,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-05 Gilderlan T de Araujo , Andre L. F. de Almeida

A beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is an innovative type of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that has recently been proposed and is considered a revolutionary advancement in wave manipulation. Unlike the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Abd Ullah Khan , Uman Khalid , Trung Q. Duong , Hyundong Shin

Optimally extracting the advantages available from reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in wireless communications systems requires estimation of the channels to and from the RIS. The process of determining these channels is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-04 A. Lee Swindlehurst , Gui Zhou , Rang Liu , Cunhua Pan , Ming Li

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is envisioned to be an essential component of the paradigm for beyond 5G networks as it can potentially provide similar or higher array gains with much lower hardware cost and energy consumption…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Hang Liu , Xiaojun Yuan , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is a breakthrough technology enabling the dynamic control of the propagation environment in wireless communications through programmable surfaces. To improve the flexibility of conventional diagonal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Matteo Nerini , Hongyu Li , Bruno Clerckx

We consider the data-aided channel estimation (CE) problem in a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted wireless communication system, where the channel and information symbols are estimated jointly during the CE phase,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Amarilton Lopes Magalhães , André Lima Férrer de Almeida , Gilderlan Tavares de Araújo

This paper proposes tensor-based channel estimation for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communication networks. We exploit the inherent geometrical structure of the Terahertz propagation channel, including the antenna…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-06 Fazal-E-Asim , Bruno Sokal , André L. F. de Almeida , Behrooz Makki , Gábor Fodor