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Large language models (LLMs) excel across many natural language processing tasks but face challenges in domain-specific, analytical tasks such as conducting research surveys. This study introduces ResearchArena, a benchmark designed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Hao Kang , Chenyan Xiong

As evaluation designs of large language models may shape our trajectory toward artificial general intelligence, comprehensive and forward-looking assessment is essential. Existing benchmarks primarily assess static knowledge, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiayin Wang , Zhiquang Guo , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities across a broad range of tasks including Olympiad-level mathematical problems, indicating evidence of their complex reasoning abilities. While many reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Prakamya Mishra , Jiang Liu , Jialian Wu , Xiaodong Yu , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in interactive applications, and human evaluation remains the gold standard for assessing their performance in multi-turn conversations. Since human studies are costly, time-consuming, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yao Dou , Michel Galley , Baolin Peng , Chris Kedzie , Weixin Cai , Alan Ritter , Chris Quirk , Wei Xu , Jianfeng Gao

Existing benchmarks for large multimodal models (LMMs) often fail to capture their performance in real-time, adversarial environments. We introduce LM Fight Arena (Large Model Fight Arena), a novel framework that evaluates LMMs by pitting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yushuo Zheng , Zicheng Zhang , Xiongkuo Min , Huiyu Duan , Guangtao Zhai

Understanding and reasoning on the large-scale scientific literature is a crucial touchstone for large language model (LLM) based agents. However, existing works are mainly restricted to tool-free tasks within single papers, largely due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Daoyu Wang , Mingyue Cheng , Shuo Yu , Zirui Liu , Ze Guo , Xin Li , Qi Liu

As large language models (LLMs) advance across diverse tasks, the need for comprehensive evaluation beyond single metrics becomes increasingly important. To fully assess LLM intelligence, it is crucial to examine their interactive dynamics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Junhao Chen , Jingbo Sun , Xiang Li , Haidong Xin , Yuhao Xue , Yibin Xu , Hao Zhao

Long-term memory (LTM) is essential for large language models (LLMs) to achieve autonomous intelligence in complex, evolving environments. Despite increasing efforts in memory-augmented and retrieval-based architectures, there remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Luanbo Wan , Weizhi Ma

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in understanding and reasoning about both visual and textual information. However, existing evaluation methods for LVLMs, primarily based on benchmarks like Visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Xinyu Wang , Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential toward intelligent agents and next-gen automation, but there currently lacks a systematic benchmark for evaluating LLMs' abilities as agents. We introduce SmartPlay: both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yue Wu , Xuan Tang , Tom M. Mitchell , Yuanzhi Li

It has been established in recent work that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be prompted to "self-play" conversational games that probe certain capabilities (general instruction following, strategic goal orientation, language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Anne Beyer , Kranti Chalamalasetti , Sherzod Hakimov , Brielen Madureira , Philipp Sadler , David Schlangen

This paper examines the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) from a novel perspective, focusing on their ability to operate within formally specified, rule-governed environments. We evaluate four LLMs (Gemini 2.5 Pro and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Maciej Świechowski , Adam Żychowski , Jacek Mańdziuk

Decision-making is a complex process requiring diverse abilities, making it an excellent framework for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs). Researchers have examined LLMs' decision-making through the lens of Game Theory. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jen-tse Huang , Eric John Li , Man Ho Lam , Tian Liang , Wenxuan Wang , Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

The recent explosion of large language models (LLMs), each with its own general or specialized strengths, makes scalable, reliable benchmarking more urgent than ever. Standard practices nowadays face fundamental trade-offs: closed-ended…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in interactive environments requiring strategic decision-making, yet systematic evaluation of these capabilities remains challenging. Existing benchmarks for LLMs primarily assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lingfeng Li , Yunlong Lu , Yuefei Zhang , Jingyu Yao , Yixin Zhu , KeYuan Cheng , Yongyi Wang , Qirui Zheng , Xionghui Yang , Wenxin Li

Game environments provide rich, controllable settings that stimulate many aspects of real-world complexity. As such, game agents offer a valuable testbed for exploring capabilities relevant to Artificial General Intelligence. Recently, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Yichang Xu , Zachary Yahn , Ling Liu

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to a qualitative leap in artificial intelligence' s performance on reasoning tasks, particularly demonstrating remarkable capabilities in mathematical, symbolic, and commonsense…

Game theory, as an analytical tool, is frequently utilized to analyze human behavior in social science research. With the high alignment between the behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) and humans, a promising research direction is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Caoyun Fan , Jindou Chen , Yaohui Jin , Hao He

Geographic reasoning is a fundamental cognitive capability that requires models to infer plausible locations by synthesizing visual evidence with spatial world knowledge. Despite recent advances in large vision-language models (LVLMs),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pengyue Jia , Yingyi Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao , Sharon Li