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Recent breakthroughs in machine learning and artificial intelligence, fueled by scientific data, are revolutionizing the discovery of new materials. Despite the wealth of existing scientific literature, the availability of both structured…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Mehrad Ansari , Jeffrey Watchorn , Carla E. Brown , Joseph S. Brown

Chemical reaction prediction, involving forward synthesis and retrosynthesis prediction, is a fundamental problem in organic synthesis. A popular computational paradigm formulates synthesis prediction as a sequence-to-sequence translation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Zipeng Zhong , Jie Song , Zunlei Feng , Tiantao Liu , Lingxiang Jia , Shaolun Yao , Min Wu , Tingjun Hou , Mingli Song

Machine learning techniques are now routinely encountered in research laboratories across the globe. Impressive progress has been made through ML and AI techniques with regards to large data set processing. This progress has increased the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Ilya Balabin , Thomas M. Kaiser

We cast retrosynthesis as a machine translation problem by introducing a special Tensor2Tensor, an entire attention-based and fully data-driven model. Given a data set comprising about 50,000 diverse reactions extracted from USPTO patents,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-08-05 Hongliang Duan , Ling Wang , Chengyun Zhang , Jianjun Li

Process synthesis in chemical engineering is a complex planning problem due to vast search spaces, continuous parameters and the need for generalization. Deep reinforcement learning agents, trained without prior knowledge, have shown to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Quirin Göttl , Jonathan Pirnay , Jakob Burger , Dominik G. Grimm

Selecting efficient multi-step synthetic routes is a central challenge in organic synthesis, particularly in medicinal and process chemistry, where route choice directly impacts feasibility, cost, and development efficiency. Data-driven…

Biocatalysis is a promising approach to sustainably synthesize pharmaceuticals, complex natural products, and commodity chemicals at scale. However, the adoption of biocatalysis is limited by our ability to select enzymes that will catalyze…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-04-06 Samuel Goldman , Ria Das , Kevin K. Yang , Connor W. Coley

Retrosynthesis prediction is fundamental to drug discovery and chemical synthesis, requiring the identification of reactants that can produce a target molecule. Current template-free methods struggle to capture the structural invariance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiaxi Zhuang , Yu Zhang , Aimin Zhou , Ying Qian

In this paper, a new non-search based synthesis algorithm for reversible circuits is proposed. Compared with the widely used search-based methods, our algorithm is guarantied to produce a result and can lead to a solution with much fewer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-12 Mehdi Saeedi , Mehdi Sedighi , Morteza Saheb Zamani

Retrosynthesis involves determining a sequence of reactions to synthesize complex molecules from simpler precursors. As this poses a challenge in organic chemistry, machine learning has offered solutions, particularly for predicting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Mikołaj Sacha , Michał Sadowski , Piotr Kozakowski , Ruard van Workum , Stanisław Jastrzębski

Reversible logic circuits have been historically motivated by theoretical research in low-power electronics as well as practical improvement of bit-manipulation transforms in cryptography and computer graphics. Recently, reversible circuits…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2013-03-21 Mehdi Saeedi , Igor L. Markov

Chemical plants are complex and dynamical systems consisting of many components for manipulation and sensing, whose state transitions depend on various factors such as time, disturbance, and operation procedures. For the purpose of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Shumpei Kubosawa , Takashi Onishi , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

In silico tools are important for generating novel hypotheses and exploring alternatives in de novo metabolic pathway design. However, while many computational frameworks have been proposed for retrobiosynthesis, few successful examples of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Peter Zhiping Zhang , Jeffrey D. Varner

Predicting monomer reactivity ratios is crucial for controlling monomer sequence distribution in copolymers and their properties. Traditional experimental methods of determining reactivity ratios are time-consuming and resource-intensive,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Habibollah Safari , Mona Bavarian

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have expedited retrosynthesis research by assisting chemists to design experiments more efficiently. However, all ML-based methods consume substantial amounts of paired training data (i.e., chemical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Xu Zhang , Yiming Mo , Wenguan Wang , Yi Yang

An artificial intelligence (AI) model can be viewed as a function that maps inputs to outputs in high-dimensional spaces. Once designed and well trained, the AI model is applied for inference. However, even optimized AI models can produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Sha Hu

Advances in deep learning have opened an era of abundant and accurate predicted protein structures; however, similar progress in protein ensembles has remained elusive. This review highlights several recent research directions towards…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-23 Bowen Jing , Bonnie Berger , Tommi Jaakkola

Machine learning models are poised to make a transformative impact on chemical sciences by dramatically accelerating computational algorithms and amplifying insights available from computational chemistry methods. However, achieving this…

Template based single step retrosynthesis predicts reactants by selecting and applying an explicit reaction template, making each prediction traceable to a chemical transformation rule. This is useful for synthesis planning, but template…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Mohammad Jahid Ibna Basher , Ali Khodabandeh Yalabadi , Ivan Garibay , Ozlem Ozmen Garibay

Retrosynthesis, which predicts the reactants of a given target molecule, is an essential task for drug discovery. In recent years, the machine learing based retrosynthesis methods have achieved promising results. In this work, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shufang Xie , Rui Yan , Junliang Guo , Yingce Xia , Lijun Wu , Tao Qin