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Retrosynthetic planning aims to devise a complete multi-step synthetic route from starting materials to a target molecule. Current strategies use a decoupled approach of single-step retrosynthesis models and search algorithms, taking only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Songtao Liu , Zhengkai Tu , Minkai Xu , Zuobai Zhang , Lu Lin , Rex Ying , Jian Tang , Peilin Zhao , Dinghao Wu

Retrosynthesis plays a crucial role in the fields of organic synthesis and drug development, where the goal is to identify suitable reactants that can yield a target product molecule. Although existing methods have achieved notable success,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiaxi Zhuang , Yu Zhang , Yan Zhang , Ying Qian , Aimin Zhou

Retrosynthesis is a technique to plan the chemical synthesis of organic molecules, for example drugs, agro- and fine chemicals. In retrosynthesis, a search tree is built by analysing molecules recursively and dissecting them into simpler…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-02-02 Marwin Segler , Mike Preuß , Mark P. Waller

The main target of retrosynthesis is to recursively decompose desired molecules into available building blocks. Existing template-based retrosynthesis methods follow a template selection stereotype and suffer from limited training…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-12-26 Chaochao Yan , Peilin Zhao , Chan Lu , Yang Yu , Junzhou Huang

Automated Synthesis Planning has recently re-emerged as a research area at the intersection of chemistry and machine learning. Despite the appearance of steady progress, we argue that imperfect benchmarks and inconsistent comparisons mask…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Krzysztof Maziarz , Austin Tripp , Guoqing Liu , Megan Stanley , Shufang Xie , Piotr Gaiński , Philipp Seidl , Marwin Segler

Machine learning is revolutionizing chemistry. Beyond the value of predictive models accelerating virtual screening, generative AI aims at enabling inverse design, reversing the compound-to-property prediction paradigm into…

Leveraging artificial intelligence for automatic retrosynthesis speeds up organic pathway planning in digital laboratories. However, existing deep learning approaches are unexplainable, like "black box" with few insights, notably limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Yu Wang , Chao Pang , Yuzhe Wang , Yi Jiang , Junru Jin , Sirui Liang , Quan Zou , Leyi Wei

Predicting reactants from a specified core product stands as a fundamental challenge within organic synthesis, termed retrosynthesis prediction. Recently, semi-template-based methods and graph-edits-based methods have achieved good…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-13 Zixun Lan , Binjie Hong , Jiajun Zhu , Zuo Zeng , Zhenfu Liu , Limin Yu , Fei Ma

Methods for automatic chemical retrosynthesis have found recent success through the application of models traditionally built for natural language processing, primarily through transformer neural networks. These models have demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Sean Current , Ziqi Chen , Daniel Adu-Ampratwum , Xia Ning , Srinivasan Parthasarathy

Retrosynthetic planning is a fundamental problem in chemistry for finding a pathway of reactions to synthesize a target molecule. Recently, search algorithms have shown promising results for solving this problem by using deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Junsu Kim , Sungsoo Ahn , Hankook Lee , Jinwoo Shin

While machine learning has transformed polymer design by enabling rapid property prediction and candidate generation, translating these designs into experimentally realizable materials remains a critical challenge. Traditionally, the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-08 Sakshi Agarwal , Wei Xiong , Rampi Ramprasad

Switching between different levels of resolution is essential for multiscale modeling, but restoring details at higher resolution remains challenging. In our previous study we have introduced deepBackmap: a deep neural-network-based…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Marc Stieffenhofer , Tristan Bereau , Michael Wand

Retrosynthesis -- the process of identifying a set of reactants to synthesize a target molecule -- is of vital importance to material design and drug discovery. Existing machine learning approaches based on language models and graph neural…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-12-10 Ruoxi Sun , Hanjun Dai , Li Li , Steven Kearnes , Bo Dai

Identifying reliable synthesis pathways in materials chemistry is a complex task, particularly in polymer science, due to the intricate and often non-unique nomenclature of macromolecules. To address this challenge, we propose an agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Qinyu Ma , Yuhao Zhou , Jianfeng Li

We have developed an end-to-end, retrosynthesis system, named ChemiRise, that can propose complete retrosynthesis routes for organic compounds rapidly and reliably. The system was trained on a processed patent database of over 3 million…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Xiangyan Sun , Ke Liu , Yuquan Lin , Lingjie Wu , Haoming Xing , Minghong Gao , Ji Liu , Suocheng Tan , Zekun Ni , Qi Han , Junqiu Wu , Jie Fan

Predicting the chemical properties of compounds is crucial in discovering novel materials and drugs with specific desired characteristics. Recent significant advances in machine learning technologies have enabled automatic predictive…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-10 Yang Liu , Hisashi Kashima

Computer-assisted synthesis planning aims to help chemists find better reaction pathways faster. Finding viable and short pathways from sugar molecules to value-added chemicals can be modeled as a retrosynthesis planning problem with a…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Peihong Jiang , Hieu Doan , Sandeep Madireddy , Rajeev Surendran Assary , Prasanna Balaprakash

The problem of retrosynthetic planning can be framed as one player game, in which the chemist (or a computer program) works backwards from a molecular target to simpler starting materials though a series of choices regarding which reactions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 John S. Schreck , Connor W. Coley , Kyle J. M. Bishop

We introduce a mathematical framework for retrosynthetic analysis, an important research method in synthetic chemistry. Our approach represents molecules and their interaction using string diagrams in layered props - a recently introduced…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Ella Gale , Leo Lobski , Fabio Zanasi

Molecular retrosynthesis is a significant and complex problem in the field of chemistry, however, traditional manual synthesis methods not only need well-trained experts but also are time-consuming. With the development of big data and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yan Zhang , Hao Hao , Xiao He , Shuanhu Gao , Aimin Zhou