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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised natural language processing tasks, particularly as chat agents. However, their applicability to threat detection problems remains unclear. This paper examines the feasibility of employing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Paul R. B. Houssel , Priyanka Singh , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

Identification of anomalous events within system logs constitutes a pivotal element within the frame- work of cybersecurity defense strategies. However, this process faces numerous challenges, including the management of substantial data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zeng Zhang , Wenjie Yin , Xiaoqi Li

Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems are essential defenses against cybersecurity threats because they can identify anomalies in current activities. However, these systems have difficulties providing entity processing independence…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-25 El Jabri Chaymae , Frappier Marc , Ecarot Thibaud , Tardif Pierre-Martin

Detecting system anomalies based on log data is important for ensuring the security and reliability of computer systems. Recently, deep learning models have been widely used for log anomaly detection. The core idea is to model the log…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Xiao Han , Shuhan Yuan , Mohamed Trabelsi

Signature-based and protocol-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) are employed as means to reveal content-based network attacks. Such systems have proven to be effective in identifying known intrusion attempts and exploits but they fail…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-22 Fabrizio Angiulli , Luciano Argento , Angelo Furfaro

Monitoring traffic in computer networks is one of the core approaches for defending critical infrastructure against cyber attacks. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been proposed in the past as a tool to identify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Daniel L. Marino , Chathurika S. Wickramasinghe , Craig Rieger , Milos Manic

Network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) play an important role in computer network security. There are several detection mechanisms where anomaly-based automated detection outperforms others significantly. Amid the sophistication and…

Anomaly detection is a crucial task across different domains and data types. However, existing anomaly detection models are often designed for specific domains and modalities. This study explores the use of GPT-4V(ision), a powerful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Yunkang Cao , Xiaohao Xu , Chen Sun , Xiaonan Huang , Weiming Shen

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are widely regarded as efficient tools for securing in-vehicle networks against diverse cyberattacks. However, since cyberattacks are always evolving, signature-based intrusion detection systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Natasha Alkhatib , Maria Mushtaq , Hadi Ghauch , Jean-Luc Danger

A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is an important tool that identifies potential threats to a network. Recently, different flow-based NIDS designs utilizing Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed as potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Loc Gia Nguyen , Kohei Watabe

As malicious cyber threats become more sophisticated in breaching computer networks, the need for effective intrusion detection systems (IDSs) becomes crucial. Techniques such as Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) have been introduced to allow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Kyle Stein , Arash Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is a tool that identifies potential threats to a network. Recently, different flow-based NIDS designs utilizing Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed as solutions to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Loc Gia Nguyen , Kohei Watabe

In this paper, we present two novel methods in Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). The first approach, Scattering Transform with E-GraphSAGE (STEG), utilizes the scattering transform to conduct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Abdeljalil Zoubir , Badr Missaoui

Intrusion Detection System or IDS is a software or hardware tool that repeatedly scans and monitors events that took place in a computer or a network. A set of rules are used by Signature based Network Intrusion Detection Systems or NIDS to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-11-26 Laxmi Lahoti , Chaitali Chandankhede , Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay

Advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks remain difficult to detect due to their stealth, adaptability, and use of legitimate system components. Provenance-based intrusion detection systems (PIDS) offer a promising defense by capturing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Robin Buchta , Carsten Kleiner , Felix Heine , Gabi Dreo Rodosek

As the communication industry has connected distant corners of the globe using advances in network technology, intruders or attackers have also increased attacks on networking infrastructure commensurately. System administrators can attempt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-11-21 Monowar H. Bhuyan , D. K. Bhattacharyya , J. K. Kalita

Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) play a pivotal role in safeguarding critical digital infrastructures against cyber threats. Machine learning-based detection models applied in NIDS are prevalent today. However, the effectiveness…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Xinxing Zhao , Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various fields with their exceptional capabilities in understanding, processing, and generating human-like text. This paper investigates the potential of LLMs in advancing Network Intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shuo Yang , Xinran Zheng , Xinchen Zhang , Jinfeng Xu , Jinze Li , Donglin Xie , Weicai Long , Edith C. H. Ngai

This paper presents a novel approach to intrusion detection by integrating traditional signature-based methods with the contextual understanding capabilities of the GPT-2 Large Language Model (LLM). As cyber threats become increasingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mohammad F. Al-Hammouri , Yazan Otoum , Rasha Atwa , Amiya Nayak

Adversarial text attacks remain a persistent threat to transformer models, yet existing defenses are typically attack-specific or require costly model retraining, leaving a gap for attack-agnostic detection. We introduce Guided Perturbation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Bryan E. Tuck , Rakesh M. Verma
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