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Related papers: Samudra: An AI Global Ocean Emulator for Climate

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Earth system models (ESMs), which simulate the physics and chemistry of the global atmosphere, land, and ocean, are often used to generate future projections of climate change scenarios. These models are far too computationally intensive to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Alexandra Puchko , Robert Link , Brian Hutchinson , Ben Kravitz , Abigail Snyder

The demand for high-resolution information on climate change is critical for accurate projections and decision-making. Presently, this need is addressed through high-resolution climate models or downscaling. High-resolution models are…

In this work, we take a modern high-resolution finite-volume scheme for solving the rotational shallow-water equations and extend it with features required to run real-world ocean simulations. Our contributions include a spatially varying…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-12-06 André R. Brodtkorb , Håvard Heitlo Holm

Machine learning (ML) models are successful with weather forecasting and have shown progress in climate simulations, yet leveraging them for useful climate predictions needs exploration. Here we show this feasibility using Neural General…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Gan Zhang , Megha Rao , Janni Yuval , Ming Zhao

Climate and weather prediction traditionally relies on complex numerical simulations of atmospheric physics. Deep learning approaches, such as transformers, have recently challenged the simulation paradigm with complex network forecasts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Yogesh Verma , Markus Heinonen , Vikas Garg

Severe convective storms are among the most dangerous weather phenomena and accurate forecasts mitigate their impacts. The recently released suite of AI-based weather models produces medium-range forecasts within seconds, with a skill…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Monika Feldmann , Tom Beucler , Milton Gomez , Olivia Martius

High-fidelity ocean forecasting at high spatial and temporal resolution is essential for capturing fine-scale dynamical features, with profound implications for hazard prediction, maritime navigation, and sustainable ocean management. While…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Yuan Niu , Qiusheng Huang , Xiaohui Zhong , Anboyu Guo , Lei Chen , Xiaoyan Jia , Jiawei Qi , Dianjun Zhang , Hao Li , Xuefeng Zhang

We present a large ensemble of simulations of an Earth-like world with increasing insolation and rotation rate. Unlike previous work utilizing idealized aquaplanet configurations we focus our simulations on modern Earth-like topography. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 M. J. Way , A. D. Del Genio , I. Aleinov , T. L. Clune , M. Kelley , N. Y. Kiang

Simulating abundances of stable water isotopologues, i.e. molecules differing in their isotopic composition, within climate models allows for comparisons with proxy data and, thus, for testing hypotheses about past climate and validating…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Jonathan Wider , Jakob Kruse , Nils Weitzel , Janica C. Bühler , Ullrich Köthe , Kira Rehfeld

Full-complexity Earth system models (ESMs) are computationally very expensive, limiting their use in exploring the climate outcomes of multiple emission pathways. More efficient emulators that approximate ESMs can directly map emissions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Björn Lütjens , Raffaele Ferrari , Duncan Watson-Parris , Noelle Selin

Machine learning techniques are powerful tools for construction of emulators for complex systems. We explore different machine learning methods and conceptual methodologies, ranging from functional approximations to dynamical…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Hannah Lu , Dinara Ermakova , Haruko Murakami Wainwright , Liange Zheng , Daniel M. Tartakovsky

Simulations are highly valuable in marine robotics, offering a cost-effective and controlled environment for testing in the challenging conditions of underwater and surface operations. Given the high costs and logistical difficulties of…

A key challenge for computationally intensive state-of-the-art Earth System models is to distinguish global warming signals from interannual variability. Here we introduce DLESyM, a parsimonious deep learning model that accurately simulates…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Nathaniel Cresswell-Clay , Bowen Liu , Dale Durran , Zihui Liu , Zachary I. Espinosa , Raul Moreno , Matthias Karlbauer

Seamless forecasting that produces warning information at continuum timescales based on only one system is a long-standing pursuit for weather-climate service. While the rapid advancement of deep learning has induced revolutionary changes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Fenghua Ling , Kang Chen , Jiye Wu , Tao Han , Jing-Jia Luo , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

A central challenge in climate science and applied mathematics is developing data-driven models of multiscale systems that capture both stationary statistics and responses to external perturbations. Current neural climate emulators aim to…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-27 Fabrizio Falasca

In-situ ocean wave observations are critical to improve model skill and validate remote sensing wave measurements. Historically, such observations are extremely sparse due to the large costs and complexity of traditional wave buoys and…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-03-11 Pieter B. Smit , Isabel A. Houghton , Kalina Jordanova , Thomas Portwood , Evan Shapiro , David Clark , Michael Sosa , Tim T. Janssen

Weather forecasting is a fundamental problem for anticipating and mitigating the impacts of climate change. Recently, data-driven approaches for weather forecasting based on deep learning have shown great promise, achieving accuracies that…

Climate models are often affected by long-term drift that is revealed by the evolution of global variables such as the ocean temperature or the surface air temperature. This spurious trend reduces the fidelity to initial conditions and has…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2017-09-20 Maura Brunetti , Christian Vérard

Robust generalization under climate change remains a major challenge for machine learning applications in climate science. Most existing approaches struggle to extrapolate beyond the climate they were trained on, leading to a strong…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Shuchang Liu , Paul A. O'Gorman

Global climate models parameterize a range of atmospheric-oceanic processes like gravity waves, clouds, moist convection, and turbulence that cannot be sufficiently resolved. These subgrid-scale closures for unresolved processes are a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Aman Gupta , Aditi Sheshadri , Sujit Roy , Johannes Schmude , Vishal Gaur , Wei Ji Leong , Manil Maskey , Rahul Ramachandran