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Related papers: Optimal Snake Locomotion on Flat Surfaces: An Anal…

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We optimize three-dimensional snake kinematics for locomotor efficiency. We assume a general space-curve representation of the snake backbone with small-to-moderate lifting off the ground and negligible body inertia. The cost of locomotion…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Silas Alben

We develop a model to study the locomotion of snakes on an inclined plane. We determine numerically which snake motions are optimal for two retrograde traveling-wave body shapes---triangular and sinusoidal waves---across a wide range of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Xiaolin Wang , Matthew T. Osborne , Silas Alben

We develop a numerical scheme to determine which planar snake motions are optimal for locomotory efficiency, across a wide range of frictional parameter space. For a large coefficient of transverse friction, we find that retrograde…

Biological Physics · Physics 2013-04-17 Silas Alben

Snakes' bodies are covered in scales that make it easier to slide in some directions than in others. This frictional anisotropy allows for sliding locomotion with an undulatory gait, one of the most common for snakes. Isotropic friction is…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-06-12 Silas Alben

Snakes are a remarkable evolutionary success story. Many snake-inspired robots have been proposed over the years. Soft robotic snakes (SRS) with their continuous and smooth bending capability better mimic their biological counterparts'…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Dimuthu D. Arachchige , Yue Chen , Isuru S. Godage

We examine the problem of snake-like locomotion by studying a system consisting of a planar inextensible elastic rod that is able to control its spontaneous curvature. Using a Cosserat model we derive, through variational principles, the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-02-02 Giancarlo Cicconofri , Antonio DeSimone

Soft robotic snakes made of compliant materials can continuously deform their bodies and, therefore, mimic the biological snakes' flexible and agile locomotion gaits better than their rigid-bodied counterparts. Without wheel support, to…

We determine analytically the form of optimal snake locomotion when the coefficient of transverse friction is large, the typical regime for biological and robotic snakes. We find that the optimal snake motion is a retrograde traveling wave,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2013-04-17 Silas Alben

Contact-rich problems, such as snake robot locomotion, offer unexplored yet rich opportunities for optimization-based trajectory and acyclic contact planning. So far, a substantial body of control research has focused on emulating snake…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Adarsh Salagame , Eric Sihite , Alireza Ramezani

Snakes can move through almost any terrain. Although their locomotion on flat surfaces using planar gaits is inherently stable, when snakes deform their body out of plane to traverse complex terrain, maintaining stability becomes a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Qiyuan Fu , Chen Li

Snake robots are inspired by the ability of biological snakes to move over rock, grass, leaves, soil, up trees, along pavement and more. Their ability to move in multiple distinct environments is due to their legless locomotion strategy,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Umit Sen , Andri Mahegan , Gina Olson

Bioinspired snake robotics has been a highly active area of research over the years and resulted in many prototypes. Much of these prototypes takes the form of serially jointed-rigid bodies. The emergence of soft robotics contributed to a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Isuru S. Godage

We propose a geometric model for optimal shape-change-induced motions of slender locomotors, e.g., snakes slithering on sand. In these scenarios, the motion of a body in world coordinates is completely determined by the sequence of shapes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Oliver Gross , Florine Hartwig , Martin Rumpf , Peter Schröder

Limbless terrestrial animals exhibit exceptional locomotor versatility and control, currently unmatched by engineered counterparts. Here, we introduce a computational framework that enables soft synthetic snakes to navigate unstructured,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaotian Zhang , Ali Albazroun , Tixian Wang , Songyuan Cui , Prashant G. Mehta , Mattia Gazzola

Studying snake robot locomotion in a cluttered environment has been a complicated task because the motion model is discontinuous due to the physical contact with obstacles, and the contact force cannot be determined solely by contact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Akash Singh , Chaohui Gong , Howie Choset

This research introduces a novel heuristic algorithm known as the Snake Locomotion Learning Search algorithm (SLLS) designed to address optimization problems. The SLLS draws inspiration from the locomotion patterns observed in snakes,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Sheng-Xue He

We analyze two- and three-link planar snake-like locomotion and optimize the motion for efficiency. The locomoting system consists of two or three identical inextensible links connected via hinge joints, and the angles between the links are…

Biological Physics · Physics 2013-07-01 Fangxu Jing , Silas Alben

Nature suggests that exploiting the elasticities and natural dynamics of robotic systems could increase their locomotion efficiency. Prior work on elastic snake robots supports this hypothesis, but has not fully exploited the nonlinear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tristan Ehlert , Arne Sachtler , Annika Schmidt , Davide Calzolari , Alin Albu-Schäffer

Snakes can move through almost any terrain. Similarly, snake robots hold the promise as a versatile platform to traverse complex environments like earthquake rubble. Unlike snake locomotion on flat surfaces which is inherently stable, when…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Qiyuan Fu , Sean W. Gart , Thomas W. Mitchel , Jin Seob Kim , Gregory S. Chirikjian , Chen Li

Snakes can traverse almost all types of environments by bending their elongate bodies in 3-D to interact with the terrain. Similarly, a snake robot is a promising platform to perform critical tasks in various environments. Understanding how…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-02-23 Qiyuan Fu
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