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This paper focuses on forecasting hierarchical time-series data, where each higher-level observation equals the sum of its corresponding lower-level time series. In such contexts, the forecast values should be coherent, meaning that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shuhei Aikawa , Aru Suzuki , Kei Yoshitake , Kanata Teshigawara , Akira Iwabuchi , Ken Kobayashi , Kazuhide Nakata

Forecast reconciliation is a post-forecasting process that involves transforming a set of incoherent forecasts into coherent forecasts which satisfy a given set of linear constraints for a multivariate time series. In this paper we extend…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-25 Daniele Girolimetto , George Athanasopoulos , Tommaso Di Fonzo , Rob J Hyndman

Forecast reconciliation is the post-forecasting process aimed to revise a set of incoherent base forecasts into coherent forecasts in line with given data structures. Most of the point and probabilistic regression-based forecast…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-25 Daniele Girolimetto , Tommaso Di Fonzo

Some time series can be hierarchically organized into levels based on certain characteristics, such as geography or other attributes of interest. These series are referred to as hierarchical time series. Typically, forecasts are generated…

Large collections of time series data are often organized into hierarchies with different levels of aggregation; examples include product and geographical groupings. Probabilistic coherent forecasting is tasked to produce forecasts…

Methods for forecasting time series adhering to linear constraints have seen notable development in recent years, especially with the advent of forecast reconciliation. This paper extends forecast reconciliation to the open question of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-27 Daniele Girolimetto , Anastasios Panagiotelis , Tommaso Di Fonzo , Han Li

In a recent paper, while elucidating the links between forecast combination and cross-sectional forecast reconciliation, Hollyman et al. (2021) have proposed a forecast combination-based approach to the reconciliation of a simple hierarchy.…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-11 Tommaso Di Fonzo , Daniele Girolimetto

Cross-temporal forecast reconciliation aims to ensure consistency across forecasts made at different temporal and cross-sectional levels. We explore the relationships between sequential, iterative, and optimal combination approaches, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-28 Daniele Girolimetto , Tommaso Di Fonzo

A novel approach is applied for improving forecast accuracy and achieving coherence in forecasting the Italian daily energy generation time series. In hierarchical frameworks such as national energy generation disaggregated by geographical…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-18 Daniele Girolimetto , Tommaso Di Fonzo

Forecast reconciliation is a post-forecasting process aimed to improve the quality of the base forecasts for a system of hierarchical/grouped time series (Hyndman et al., 2011). Contemporaneous (cross-sectional) and temporal hierarchies…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-30 Tommaso Di Fonzo , Daniele Girolimetto

We propose to estimate the weight matrix used for forecast reconciliation as parameters in a general linear model in order to quantify its uncertainty. This implies that forecast reconciliation can be formulated as an orthogonal projection…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-12 Jan Kloppenborg Møller , Peter Nystrup , Poul G. Hjorth , Henrik Madsen

Improvement of time series forecasting accuracy through combining multiple models is an important as well as a dynamic area of research. As a result, various forecasts combination methods have been developed in literature. However, most of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Ratnadip Adhikari , R. K. Agrawal

The practical importance of coherent forecasts in hierarchical forecasting has inspired many studies on forecast reconciliation. Under this approach, so-called base forecasts are produced for every series in the hierarchy and are…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-21 Bohan Zhang , Yanfei Kang , Anastasios Panagiotelis , Feng Li

Many real-life applications involve simultaneously forecasting multiple time series that are hierarchically related via aggregation or disaggregation operations. For instance, commercial organizations often want to forecast inventories…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Xing Han , Sambarta Dasgupta , Joydeep Ghosh

In this paper, we propose a machine learning approach for forecasting hierarchical time series. When dealing with hierarchical time series, apart from generating accurate forecasts, one needs to select a suitable method for producing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Paolo Mancuso , Veronica Piccialli , Antonio M. Sudoso

Forecast combinations have flourished remarkably in the forecasting community and, in recent years, have become part of the mainstream of forecasting research and activities. Combining multiple forecasts produced from single (target) series…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-26 Xiaoqian Wang , Rob J Hyndman , Feng Li , Yanfei Kang

We examine the problem of making reconciled forecasts of large collections of related time series through a behavioural/Bayesian lens. Our approach explicitly acknowledges and exploits the 'connectedness' of the series in terms of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-03 Ross Hollyman , Fotios Petropoulos , Michael E. Tipping

Hierarchical forecasting methods have been widely used to support aligned decision-making by providing coherent forecasts at different aggregation levels. Traditional hierarchical forecasting approaches, such as the bottom-up and top-down…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Evangelos Spiliotis , Mahdi Abolghasemi , Rob J Hyndman , Fotios Petropoulos , Vassilios Assimakopoulos

Wind power forecasting is essential for managing daily operations at wind farms and enabling market operators to manage power uncertainty effectively in demand planning. This paper explores advanced cross-temporal forecasting models and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-17 Mahdi Abolghasemi , Daniele Girolimetto , Tommaso Di Fonzo

Long range forecasts are the starting point of many decision support systems that need to draw inference from high-level aggregate patterns on forecasted values. State of the art time-series forecasting methods are either subject to concept…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Prathamesh Deshpande , Sunita Sarawagi
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