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The interaction between discrete and continuous mathematics lies at the heart of many fundamental problems in applied mathematics and computational sciences. In this paper we discuss the problem of discretizing vector-valued functions…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-05-29 Paweł Dłotko , Thomas Wanner

We investigate $\rho$-orthogonality and its local symmetry in the space of bounded linear operators. A characterization of Hilbert space operators with symmetric numerical range is established in terms of $\rho$-orthogonality. Further, we…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-15 Souvik Ghosh , Kallol Paul , Debmalya Sain

We study the Dirichlet problem in Lipschitz domains and with boundary data in Besov spaces, for divergence form strongly elliptic systems of arbitrary order, with bounded, complex-valued coefficients. Our main result gives a sharp condition…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vladimir Maz'ya , Marius Mitrea , Tatyana Shaposhnikova

A continuous frame is a family of vectors in a Hilbert space which allows reproductions of arbitrary elements by continuous superpositions. Associated to a given continuous frame we construct certain Banach spaces. Many classical function…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Massimo Fornasier , Holger Rauhut

The study of universal approximation of arbitrary functions $f: \mathcal{X} \to \mathcal{Y}$ by neural networks has a rich and thorough history dating back to Kolmogorov (1957). In the case of learning finite dimensional maps, many authors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-04 William H. Guss , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

While many problems in machine learning focus on learning mappings between finite-dimensional spaces, scientific applications require approximating mappings between function spaces, i.e., operators. We study the problem of learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Adrien Weihs , Jingmin Sun , Zecheng Zhang , Hayden Schaeffer

We prove that every continuous function on a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space X can be uniformly approximated by smooth functions with no critical points. This kind of result can be regarded as a sort of very strong approximate…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Daniel Azagra , Manuel Cepedello Boiso

Our main theorem is in the generality of the axioms of Hilbert space, and the theory of unbounded operators. Consider two Hilbert spaces such that their intersection contains a fixed vector space D. It is of interest to make a precise…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-01-19 Palle Jorgensen , Erin Pearse , Feng Tian

While monotone operator theory is often studied on Hilbert spaces, many interesting problems in machine learning and optimization arise naturally in finite-dimensional vector spaces endowed with non-Euclidean norms, such as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Alexander Davydov , Saber Jafarpour , Anton V. Proskurnikov , Francesco Bullo

We study two subspace systems in a separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert space up to (bounded) isomorphism. One of the main result of this paper is the following: Isomorphism classes of two subspace systems given by graphs of bounded…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-10-15 Masatoshi Enomoto , Yasuo Watatani

We prove maximum and comparison principles for fractional discrete derivatives in the integers. Regularity results when the space is a mesh of length $h$, and approximation theorems to the continuous fractional derivatives are shown. When…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-05-24 Luciano Abadías , Marta de León-Contreras , José L. Torrea

How can we design neural networks that allow for stable universal approximation of maps between topologically interesting manifolds? The answer is with a coordinate projection. Neural networks based on topological data analysis (TDA) use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Michael Puthawala , Matti Lassas , Ivan Dokmanic , Pekka Pankka , Maarten de Hoop

In this paper we give a unitary approach for the simultaneous study of the convergence of discrete and integral operators described by means of a family of linear continuous functionals acting on functions defined on locally compact…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-11-28 Gianluca Vinti , Luca Zampogni

We investigate dynamical properties of linear operators that are obtained as the linearization of Lipschitz self-maps defined on a pointed metric space. These operators are known as Lipschitz operators. More concretely, for a Lipschitz…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-01 Sebastián Tapia-García

In scientific and engineering applications, solving partial differential equations (PDEs) across various parameters and domains normally relies on resource-intensive numerical methods. Neural operators based on deep learning offered a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Zhiwei Zhao , Changqing Liu , Yingguang Li , Zhibin Chen , Xu Liu

Operator learning is a variant of machine learning that is designed to approximate maps between function spaces from data. The Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) is one of the main model architectures used for operator learning. The FNO combines…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Samuel Lanthaler , Andrew M. Stuart , Margaret Trautner

In computational physics it is standard to approximate continuum systems with discretised representations. Here we consider a specific discretisation of the continuum complex Hilbert space of quantum mechanics - a discretisation where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-19 T. N. Palmer

We give an iteration scheme for finding zeros of maximal monotone operators in Hilbert spaces. We assume that the operator is defined in the whole space. The iterates converge strongly to a solution if there exists any, otherwise they tend…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-30 Olavi Nevanlinna

In quantum theory, observables with a continuous spectrum are known to be fundamentally different from those with a discrete and finite spectrum. While some fundamental tests and applications of quantum mechanics originally formulated for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-21 P. Vernaz-Gris , A. Ketterer , A. Keller , S. P. Walborn , T. Coudreau , P. Milman

The proximal point algorithm is a widely used tool for solving a variety of convex optimization problems such as finding zeros of maximally monotone operators, fixed points of nonexpansive mappings, as well as minimizing convex functions.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-19 Laurentiu Leustean , Adriana Nicolae , Andrei Sipos