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Quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to generate secure private keys shared by two remote parties. With its security being protected by principles of quantum mechanics, some technology challenges remain towards practical application of QKD.…

Quantum photonic integrated circuit (QPIC) is a promising tool for constructing integrated devices for quantum technology applications. In the optical regime, silicon photonics empowered by complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-03-06 Alto Osada , Yasutomo Ota , Ryota Katsumi , Masahiro Kakuda , Satoshi Iwamoto , Yasuhiko Arakawa

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a promising approach to secure communications, with continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) offering compatibility with existing telecommunication infrastructure. Despite this advantage, CV-QKD is limited by…

Quantum cryptography (QC) can provide unconditional secure communication between two authorized parties based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics. However, imperfect practical conditions limit its transmission distance and…

To achieve the maximum information transfer and face a possible eavesdropper, the samples transmitted in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocols are to be drawn from a continuous Gaussian distribution. As a matter of…

We analyse the distribution of secure keys using quantum cryptography based on the continuous variable degree of freedom of entangled photon pairs. We derive the information capacity of a scheme based on the spatial entanglement of photons…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Lijian Zhang , Christine Silberhorn , Ian A. Walmsley

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a promising quantum-safe alternative to classical asymmetric cryptography that enables two authenticated parties to establish a shared secret over a potentially eavesdropped quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Jonas Berl , Utku Akin , Erdem Eray Cil , Laurent Schmalen , Tobias Fehenberger

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables information-theoretically secure key generation between legitimate parties. To further enhance system performance, an improved two-way CV-QKD protocol has been proposed, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Yanhao Sun , Jiayu Ma , Xiangyu Wang , Song Yu , Ziyang Chen , Hong Guo

Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) with classical data transmission over the same fiber is crucial for scalable quantum-secured communication. However, noise from classical channels limits QKD distance. We demonstrate the…

Photonic integration is a promising route to miniaturise the hardware of quantum key distribution (QKD), yet the monolithic integration of single photon detectors remains a significant challenge. QKD receiver chips integrating…

The ability to create phase-controlled pulses of light with wavelength tunability has applications spanning quantum and classical communications networks. Traditionally, optical transmitters are able to either produce phase-controlled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-19 B. Griffiths , Y. S. Lo , J. F. Dynes , R. I. Woodward , A. J. Shields

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) using a true local (located at the receiver) oscillator (LO) has been proposed to remove any possibility of side-channel attacks associated with transmission of the LO as well as reduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Brian P. Williams , Bing Qi , Muneer Alshowkan , Philip G. Evans , Nicholas A. Peters

The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-02 S. Etcheverry , G. Cañas , E. S. Gómez , W. A. T. Nogueira , C. Saavedra , G. B. Xavier , G. Lima

Quantum key distribution (QKD offers a long-term solution to establish information-theoretically secure keys between two distant users. In practice, with a careful characterization of quantum sources and the decoy-state method,…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a cutting-edge field that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to enable secure communication between parties involved. Single-photon quantum emitters offer remarkable on-demand photon emission,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Paolo Barigelli , Francesco Sirovich , Gonzalo Carvacho , Fabio Sciarrino

It has been found that non-Gaussian operations can be applied to increase and distill entanglement between Gaussian entangled states. We show the successful use of the non-Gaussian operation, in particular, photon subtraction operation, on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-24 Hong-Xin Ma , Peng Huang , Dong-Yun Bai , Shi-Yu Wang , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Hua Zeng

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers secure communication, with secure key rates that surpass those achievable by QKD protocols utilizing two-dimensional encoding. However, existing high-dimensional QKD protocols require…

Time-bin encoding is an attractive method for transmitting photonic qubits over long distances with minimal decoherence. It allows a simple receiver for quantum key distribution (QKD) that extracts a key by measuring time of arrival of…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an attractive means for securing communications in optical fibre networks. However, deployment of the technology has been hampered by the frequent need for dedicated dark fibres to segregate the very…

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) has emerged as a potential protocol for long distance secure communication, overcoming the rate-distance limitations of conventional quantum key distribution without requiring trusted repeaters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Syed M. Arslan , Syed Shahmir , Noureldin Mohammad , Saif Al-Kuwari , Muataz Alhussein